Necrosis

A new area of interest that is rising to the top of everyone’s research list is the concept that the gut microbiota communicates with the brain and other organs in the body. Studies have shown that he gut and the central nervous system (CNS) are closely linked and play a role in maintaining homeostasis (Cryan and O’Mahony, 2011). Any changes that decrease the “good” bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract can cause diseases to neuroendocrine and immune system (Cryan and O’Mahony, 2011). Stress is…

Heart failure is a common killer of both men and women in the United States every year. It is a very serious issue that plagues this country and other developed countries like it. Heart failure is a syndrome with many risk factors, such as, age, obesity, congenital heart diseases, and many others. A client is considered to be in heart failure, when their heart is unable to profuse tissues in the body with oxygenated and nutrient rich blood for tissue to sufficiently function. A client when…

The disease of the lungs, COPD, can be traced back to the 1600’s. It was the year 1679 when Swizz physician, Bonet, defined the disease as “voluminous lungs.” About a century later Italian anatomist, Giovanni Morgagni, termed cases of the lungs as “turgid.” A series of illustrations of the emphysematous lung putting forth the pathology of the disease was published by Baillie in 1789, thus emphysema was known to be a part of COPD early one (Mandal 2013). Over the years, Chronic Bronchitis became…

The Bubonic Plague (1330-1351) in Europe has influenced many things, especially in literature. One such work of literature is The Decameron, written by a man who lived during the time of the Bubonic Plague in Florence, Italy named, Giovanni Boccaccio. Giovanni Boccaccio was born in Paris, France, in 1313 to a businessman and a Frenchwoman. Boccaccio was taken to Florence, Italy by his parents when he was an infant and was sent to Naples, in 1328, to study “commerce in the office of his…

Further evidence for the in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Nasturtium officinale Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Aerial parts of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. are used traditionally in Iran as a folk medicine in different illnesses which include bronchitis, asthma, diabetes, hypertension, and renal colic. Aim of the study: In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of hydro-alcoholic extract from aerial parts of N. officinale was investigated in acute and sub¬¬-acute…

DISCUSSION The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and to observe the presence of any side effects to infliximab. Infliximab tends to be used as a third-line therapy in patients with moderate to severe UC or as a rescue therapy [8]. However, experts have proposed that earlier use during less severe disease states (i.e., moderate UC) could benefit many patients [9] [10] [11]. Furthermore, infliximab can potentially attain the new…

3. RESULTS 3.1. Patients and controls All patients and controls were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium () The rs243324 polymorphism showed evidence of Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium in the patients and controls in total (P¼0.001) but not in the children in ALSPAC (Table 1), this was due to a slight excess in heterozygotes compared with the number expected The mean age of disease onset was 29.5 (ranging from 17-46) years, and the mean duration of disease was 5.46 (ranging from 1-31) years. Some…

Harding’s toe amputation was possibly due to inadequate circulation to the feet and there was no proper wound healing which had possibly resulted in infarction and necrosis of the area and could have been infected resulting in having to amputate his toe. This is an advanced case of peripheral vascular disease as it lead to blockage of blood flow to the feet. Having diabetes as well presents a high risk for requiring…

Materials and Methods Chemicals and kits Chemicals: CCL4 dissolved in corn oil at 1: 1 percent was injected intraperitonealy at a dose of 1.2 ml/ kg of body weight 3 times a week. Kites: Diagnostic kits for serum total proteins, albumin, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid and creatinine were purchased from ELIPSE, United…

Considering multiple etiological triggers, the age associated changes start up with Initiator trigger mechanisms subsequently followed by damaging the protective reactionary shielding mechanism, both the initiator and the reactionary set of molecular mechanisms regulate multiple pathways, leading to the terminal molecular mechanisms - the two most significant molecular pathways involved are – the final gateways which when lethally affected send the cell to the grave yard. The terminal End point…