Nanomaterials

Introduction Drosophila melanogaster can be considered model organisms for the study of genetics. Some characteristics that contribute to this status are their quick lifecycles, large amount of offspring, and the presence of only four chromosomes. Drosophila melanogaster contain bristles on the thorax, head, legs, and abdomen. These bristles are used as a sensory mechanism, allowing fruit flies to detect their surroundings as they fly and walk around their environment (Yehuda, 2011). The rate…

an improved method for derivatization of metabolites existed in aqueous extract of Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This procedure facilitates identification of metabolites in Baker’s yeast extract and its utility for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The preparation of trimethylsilylenol ethers of metabolites was performed by treatment of the extract with catalytic amounts of trimethylsilylchloride (TMSCl) and trimethylsilylimidazole to produce silylated compounds that were determined…

CRP was identified from patients with acute pneumococcal pneumonia at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Tillett and Francis, 1930), a name that reflects its reaction with the C-polysaccharide of Pneumococcus. This pentameric protein with MW 118 kDa has five non-covalently bonded and non-glycosylated identical subunits of 206 amino acids each to form a disk-shaped pentagon (Fig. 1). CRP has been proven as an early indicator of infectious or inflammatory conditions as well as a…

Mixed contamination of PAHs and metals occur ubiquitously in the environment, but their combined toxicity to humans and other organisms are not fully addressed. The data from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies indicated the nature of interaction between PAHs and metals varies from synergism to additivity or antagonism. In this chapter, the combined toxicity of PAHs and metals on toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic endpoints, and possible mechanism of actions were discussed. In addition,…