N-terminus

Introduction The scientific study of Huntington’s Disease (HD) had began in 1872, by George Huntington who is a family physician that had published a report on the clinical symptoms and peculiar mode of inheritance of the disorder.(1, 2) Huntington’s disease has 3 subtypes according to the age onset, which are infantile, juvenile and the adult-onset.(2) Individuals with Huntington’s disease can become asymptomatic between the ages of 1 and 80 years.(3) The typical mean age of onset is 40 years,…

which has four binding sites for biotin or biotinylated derivatives with extraordinary affinity. Biotin can be chemically coupled to a binder molecule (e.g., a protein, DNA, hormone, etc.) without disturbing the interaction with its target molecule by a procedure called biotinylation. Avidin can then be exploited to “sandwich” between the biotinylated binder and a targeting molecule or probe. Avidin was also coupled with a functional moiety in some cases. Through the avidin-biotin system, we can…

I-Kappa-B-alpha which is often abbreviated IkBa is a protein whose role is to mask the nuclear localization signals to inhibit the NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa beta) proteins by keeping them in inactive states and isolating them in the cytoplasm, this inhibits the NF-kB transcription factors and blocks the NF-kB transcription factors from binding with DNA. NF-kB is a protein complex that is responsible for controlling cytokine production, transcription of DNA, cell survival, and plays a key role…

Gene traps are the plasmid or retrovirus-based vectors having a reporter gene that is only expressed when integrated in a functional gene. They were originally developed for the study of insertional mutagenesis in mouse. The gene traps were used to identify and characterize genes which were regulated by exogenous stimuli or during development process. The gene trap is a process which makes it possible to identify genes that gives rise to phenotypic effects when they are switched off, and also…

1.5. Enzyme-Polysaccharide Interactions Proteins and enzymes have become an integral part of many industrial processes as well as being applied both in cosmetics and in therapeutics. Due to advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering, mass production of protein and enzymes has become feasible. Use of enzymes is environmentally friendly as they catalyse reactions under mild conditions against polluting inorganic catalysts which works in the extremes of pH and temperature. However, this can…

Introduction The field of telomere biology has been an active area of research in recent time, especially so following the work by Hayflick and Olovnikov. Expanding on his, Elizabeth Blackburn and Joseph Gall noticed that the end of the chromosomes from Tetrahymena thermophila contained the six base sequence TTGGGG iterated many times (Blackburn and Gall, 1978). Over the decades, literature has arisen that has revealed many things regarding telomeres. However, as with the case with many…

Huntington’s Chorea, more commonly known as Huntington’s disease, is a progressive hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that presents in mid-life, affecting an individual’s cognitive, emotional and motor abilities (Warby, Graham, & Hayden, 2014). Huntington’s disease was named after an American Physician by the name of George Huntington, who first documented the disease in 1872. In his findings, he described the disease as Hereditary chorea. In Greek terminology, the word Chorea means “to…

What will it do? As most people know Magnific Ltda is a large electronic shop that sells a range of electronics products based in Dublin more than 15 years. Our team is getting biger, due to the great success we will be opening a new branch. The labor market is always highly competitive and professionals are increasingly interested in developing, and I am honored for being chosen to run this new branch. I have been working at Magnif Ltda for the past ten years and I will do my best to get…

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing, should everyone do it? Introduction Cancer happens when the cells in the body grow out of control and make tumors. This procedure is organized by biochemical in different parts of the body. (7) Breast cancer is the most common cancer among all the woman and about 5-10 percent of breast cancers are heritable. (9) Mutation in BRCA genes is responsible for 25 percent Inherent Breast cancer. Breast cancer is affected by so many risk factors. Every year about 233,000…

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing, should everyone do it? Shahrzad Eslamian Purpose: For a person with a positive mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, the chance of getting breast cancer increases by 50-60 percent.1 This causes concern for some women and makes them take a BRCA1/2 mutation test to make sure they are not carrying this mutation. In September 2015, a research from UCLA was published that indicated some debate over whether or not testing BRCA genes is worth the cost.4 This paper will be…