Myosin

Raw class data between scaling variables and maximum jumping performance were recorded in Table 1. These combined results were then studied using both the regression and correlation analysis methods to predict which morphological traits (body size, mass, muscle length and muscle circumference) determined the source of variation in toad locomotor performance; with the longest jump distance of the toads as the dependent variables and the various scaling variables as the independent variables. Then…

Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A Introduction Botulinum toxin was first identified as a cause of food poisoning over 100 years ago (Carruthers and Carruthers, 2009). Since then, there has been an identification of seven different serotypes labeled A-G; all produced by different strains of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum (Hurkadle et al., 2012). Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is the main and most well-studied serotype that is used in cosmetic (Hurkadle et al., 2012). The BTX-A can be…

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy The body is like one huge scale that needs constant conservation to maintain balance for a stable state of survival. Homeostasis is the component that helps the body maintain balance. There are four core principles that help homeostasis keep balance which are, feedback loops, relationship of structure and function, gradients, and cell to cell communication. “Muscular homeostasis is cell to cell communication that coordinate their functions and maintain homeostasis…

Movement of the skeleton is stimulated by the contraction of striated muscle also known as skeletal muscle. Because it is attached to the bones and skin it is responsible for the motion of the body and limbs, thus making it controlled voluntarily. There are three layers of connective tissue in the skeletal muscle known as epimysium which surrounds the entire muscle, perimysium which surrounds muscle fibers known as fascicles, and endomysium which contains capillaries and nerve fibers. Cardiac…

One of the main goals in the field of exercise science is to determine methods of enhancing performance during exercise or competition. When comparing methods of performance enhancement two essential theories come to mind: utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) and post activation potentiation (PAP), which both result from pre-activation (Fukutani, Misaki & Isaka, 2016, Nibali, Chapman, Robergs & Drinkwater, 2013) The SSC focuses on increases in muscle force output through a…

Muscles (Grip strength) In this week’s lab, we was doing an experiment on forearm, and its muscle fiber with nerves. The forearm is a part that between the primates’ elbow and wrist. Forearms contain connective tissue, nerve tissue and muscle tissue. In which, connective tissue is just radius and ulnar bones. However, there are a great deal of muscles and nerves in the forearm. When a nerve impulse transmission to synaptosomes induced depolarization, allows calcium ions to enter the cell…

Levers are needed within the body so that any small forces can be used to help the bigger forces which are needed. The muscle and bones come together to make a lever, this helps to turn a pivot joint also known as mechanic advantage. There are 4 areas of a lever such as the bone on our bones turn to lever arms, the joints turn to pivots, the muscles stimulate effort to move the force or load and the body parts give muscles strength to move what needs lifted. 1st class levers are very uncommon…

Who is the Real Winner? The question of whether athletes are born or made has become the leading topic of athletic debate in the recent decade. Were esteemed athletes such as Michael Phelps, Usain Bolt, Lionel Messi, and Rory McIlroy born with gifted talent, or were they made elite athletes through hard work and the right nurturing?. Through the development of the human genome and the increasing research into genetics, many scientists and athletes have wondered if nature or nurture has more of…

Case Study: Hereditary Canine Spinal Muscular Atrophy Genetic Background Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA) is proven to be an autosomal-dominate disease that affects most noticeably the Brittany spaniel (Pinter MJ, Waldeck RF, Wallace N, & Cork LC, Motor Unit Behavior in Canine Motor Neuron Disease, 1995). HCSMA originated as a spontaneous mutation in the Survivor Motor Neutron gene found in the purebred Brittany spaniel population (Ericsson. A & Rubin. C, 2012). Due to the…

Do you know what a muscle fiber is? A muscle fiber is a single muscle tissue cell. There are three types of muscles. The skeletal, visceral, and cardiac. The skeletal muscles are voluntary, while the visceral muscles are involuntary. In this essay, I will be explaining muscles. There are many interesting facts about the muscles. Muscles are the "engine" that your body uses to propel itself. Did you also know that there are three primary muscle fiber types in humans? Type I, Type IIA, Type…