Myocardial infarction

Smoking has a large effect on all systems of the body. W.R, a 48 year old plumber has a 36- pack year smoking history. One of the major effects of smoking is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels due to a fat and plaque buildup on the vessels. Some of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis include hypercholesterolemia, increasing age, sex- male being more prevalent than females, high blood cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking, obesity, and…

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the preeminent cause of death for both males and females in the United States (US).1 Approximately 610,000 people in the US die of CVD each year, which constitutes 1 out of every 4 deaths. Furthermore, 1 in 3 individuals, or approximately 80 million adult Americans have CVD. In 2011, the projected direct costs from health expenditures and indirect costs from lost productivity for CVD and stroke, which is a long-term complication of cardiovascular disorders, were…

Definition and Pathophysiology The leading cause of PVD/PAD is atherosclerosis of the arteries. Atherosclerosis occurs when deposits of lipids and cholesterol obstruct and harden the arteries. This leads to progressive narrowing of the artery. When this takes place in the peripheral vessels, blood flow id compromised to the lower extremities, and is known as PVD/PAD. There are actually three types of Peripheral Vascular Disease. Type 1(10-15% of patients) involves the aorta and ileac…

This is a case study of a 76 year old female patient who is suffering from congestive cardiac failure. She has past medical history of hypertension, chronic renal failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. She has been admitted in hospital several times recently and she was discharged 11 days ago from emergency department. Now she is suffering from dyspnoea and she feels like she can not catch her breath due to congestion of lungs. Her lower limbs feel like tree trunk due to oedema.…

People have been consuming salt for a long time. Salt is an important flavoring. People can get some sodium and iodine from salt, but consuming too much salt is harmful. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that people should consume less than five grams of salt per day because consuming too much salt will increase blood pressure, cause heart attacks and increase cancer rates. All of the governments should educate citizens to intake less salt. Some countries have already tried to use…

Cynthia Essex was a wife and mother of eight children when she was diagnosed with congestive heart failure. Her story starts out on a regular Sunday morning when she set off to church with her family. She was feeling fine despite the slight amount of fatigue that continued to press on her. This seemed normal to Cynthia though, and she even claimed that, “Something would be wrong with me if I wasn’t tired.” Exhaustion soon overwhelmed her, and during the middle of church service she abruptly…

compared to their white counterparts (27.4%) (Still, Ferdinand, Ogedegbe, & Wright, 2015). When compared to other ethnicities, African Americans are also more likely to suffer from hypertension-related complications such as renal failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke (Brown, 2015). Furthermore, African Americans are more likely to be taking antihypertensive medications, yet less likely to have controlled blood pressure readings (Still et al.,…

Chronic diseases continue to become more prevalent in society, the problems associated with each chronic disease continue to change and advance. Continuous changes in disease processes complicates the treatment and disease management because every patient has a different care plan. This impacts the health profession because these complicated cases require more research and education that doctors and nurses may not have experience with before. The major issue with the rise of chronic diseases is…

Conclusion Heart rate variability has considerable potential to assess the fluctuations in the autonomic nervous system. Here we have examined the impact of meditation – Dialogue with the Body – on heart rate variability. A relaxing effect of meditation on Heart rate variability was observed. Thus this non-invasive methodology is of substantial utility to evaluate autonomic control mechanisms in spite of an incomplete understanding of the physiological significance of HRV parameters. There…

Coronary Artery Disease Levi Gatherwright Morehead State University Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease, CAD for short, is caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygenated blood. The plaque (Atheroma) is a waxy like substance that consists of calcium, lipid compounds, and blood clotting compounds such as macrophages and fibrin. The buildup takes many years to accumulate; the plaque eventually swells the arterial wall restricting blood…