Myelin

Locked in syndrome is also caused by traumatic brain injury, tumors, infections in certain parts of the brain, inflammation of the nerves, and loss of myelin that surround the nerve cells.The brain anatomy affected in this syndrome is the brainstem and the cerebrum, the brainstem is affected because of the damaged to the pons. Pons hold an important pathway between the spinal cord, cerebellum, and the…

extents to the lower limb of the body. The abnormal function of the spinal cord is when it becomes damage from disease like Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis. Neurons from the axons are damage from the connective tissues. MS mistake myelin as…

Muscles (Grip strength) In this week’s lab, we was doing an experiment on forearm, and its muscle fiber with nerves. The forearm is a part that between the primates’ elbow and wrist. Forearms contain connective tissue, nerve tissue and muscle tissue. In which, connective tissue is just radius and ulnar bones. However, there are a great deal of muscles and nerves in the forearm. When a nerve impulse transmission to synaptosomes induced depolarization, allows calcium ions to enter the cell…

Peroxisomes are cell structures that break down toxic substances and synthesize lipids (fatty acids, oils, and waxes) that are needed for cell function. Peroxisomes are what is needed for normal brain development and its function and it’s what forms the myelin cover which is the substance that coats nerve fibers. Nerve fibers are very thin, thread-like transmission lines that basically carry signals. Responsible for delivering signals and sensations from the nerves to various parts of the human…

the cell body. Dendrites are found in most nerve cells which allows the input from neurons. The next part of the cell structure that I learned about in psychology was axons. Axons carry information away from the cell body. The last structure is the myelin sheath. This is the layer of fat cells which insulate the axons. The purpose is to speed up the transmissions of nerve impulses. All of these parts work together in order to transmit information. The route a message takes to do this is through…

Case Study A 14-year-old girl and her mother came into the emergency room with concerns of the child experiencing lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss, even though she has been eating. The mother also mentioned that the patient’s breath has been smelling “fruity”. After further examination, it was determined that she has a high heart rate and high blood pressure. Evaluation of her arteries determined that the high blood pressure is being caused by atherosclerosis. The…

Hearing loss in teenagers is up 30 percent from the 1980s and 1990s. While in-ear headphones were first introduced in the 1980s, they didn’t become widely popular until the early 2000s when the iPod came out. “Many experts believe it [increased percent of hearing loss] is due... to the increased use in headphones” (American Osteopathic Association). This is a plausible explanation seeing as music seems to be more available and used more often. Hearing loss due to exposure is a growing concern.…

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder characterised by a progressive dementia which appears around mid to late life (McKhann et al., 1984). Alzheimer’s disease was first reported in 1909 by Alois Alzheimer as a “peculiar severe disease process of the cerebral cortex” (Hippius and Neundörfer, 2003). He noted that the disease consisted of “distinctive plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain histology” (ibid, 2003). Now the disease is estimated to effect 44.35…

George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew marijuana on their estates. “Make the most of hemp seed, and sow it everywhere,” George Washington encourage his fellow Americans in 1794. As the number of marijuana users expanded, the medical journals began to list cases of “cannabis poisonings.” Doctors began to be alarmed that marijuana was dangerous. By 1890, the widespread prescribing of this drug as a remedy began to decline. Marijuana could not be dissolved and couldn’t be injected into the…

receive stimuli through their synaptic receptors. Once the dendrites receive the electrical messages from the other neurons it will transfer it to the axon which will convey the electrical messages through a distance to the axon terminal. The axon has myelin sheaths that help insulates it and speed up the electrical messages. The axon terminal then transmits the messages to different neurons throughout the body. An action potential is caused by ions moving in and out of the axon; these ions are…