Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This research essay looks at the potentials and limitations of DNA and human remains in archaeological research using two case studies. The first case study focuses on the potentials and limitations of the extraction of Mycobacterium Bovis from DNA to further understand the pathological history of societies in Southern Siberia. The second case study looks into the successful reconstruction of DNA sequences from Neanderthal fossil remains and the limitations that appeared during its study. DNA…

(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain tice) sold under the name OncoTICE. “BCG is considered “gold standard” and mainstay for treating bladder cancer that has not invaded muscle tissue" as well as functioning as a tuberculosis vaccine. “BCG is an attenuated mycobacterium developed from the Mycobacterium bovis strain. The precise mechanism of action has not been clearly determined; however, the pronounced infiltration of the bladder wall by…

It is interesting we are discussing Tuberculosis (TB) since I work in a building which used to be an "Isolation Hospital" in the Hartford area. The morgue is less than a mile away, the tunnels running under my building were used to transport the infected dead to the crematorium. TB in residential facilities is very serious, part of the protocol before admission it to have had a TB test results along with your paperwork. Staff are to be tested for TB every year (for me this is a pain literally…

Bacterial infections, which are common today, used to kill those who were infected. Bonnie Bassler, a professor at Princeton University, states that “our quality of life and our longevity improved enormously” (Bassler, n.d.) after the mass production of Antibiotics began. Antibiotics are a category of medication made from bacteria; these medications are designed to eliminate bacterial infections. The prolonged use of antibiotics is hazardous for the human body and could have negative…

Rheumatic Fever is an acute systemic inflammatory condition that appears to result from an abnormal immune reaction occurring a few weeks after an untreated infection, usually caused by certain strains of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. The preceding infection commonly appears as an upper respiratory infection, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or strep throat. Antibodies to the streptococcus organisms form and then react with connective tissue called collagen in the skin, joints, brain, and heart…

Guatemala, which is formally named the Republic of Guatemala, is a country that lies in Central America and is bordered by Mexico, the Pacific Ocean, Belize, the Caribbean, Honduras, and El Salvador. The meaning of the name Guatemala being “land of trees,” fits perfectly seeing that the country is heavily forested and mountainous. The country of Guatemala assumes an area of 108,889 km² (42,042 sqmi) and has an estimated population of 12,701,000, which is the most populous in Central America. The…

Bacterial Meningitis Meningitis is an infection that affects meninges, membrane coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Due to Bacterial meningitis’ close proximity to the brain and spinal cord it is potentially life threatening. If not treated promptly it may lead to life-long complications such as deafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and cognitive deficits. Bacterial meningitis is contagious and prolonged close contact can spread the bacteria that cause meningitis. The bacteria can spread from…

1900’s, one concept had dominated the medical landscape. The continued development of medical theories symbolized the increased complexity of thinking between physicians and scientists. During the 1800’s, major infectious diseases like cholera, tuberculosis, typhus, and yellow fever strongly emerged in Europe with the etiology of these infections far to be known. Some of the early concepts that could have explained such diseases included the ontological and physiological concept. The ontological…

people having the right to refuse treatments if they wish to do so, but I also believe that there are exceptions to the rule. I believe that TB and psych. patients are examples of those exceptions. TB also known as Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attacks the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of your body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. It is spread through the air and people who have a lower immune system are…

The respiratory system is accountable for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide which is found in the body. Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system are divided into two categories: viruses or bacteria and chronic (Zimmermann, 2014). Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema progressively damages the air sacs known as the alveoli, which causes shortness of breath. The alveoli in a healthy individual are clustered together. With emphysema,…