Mutation

have the BRAF-V600 mutation which is the most common form of mutation in this protein. In this mutation the BRAF is left continuously on and does not need to respond to stimuli. Therefore the cell continuously activates the pathway. The purpose of the drug is to break up the pathway so the cell will stop dividing and enter into programmed cell death. This drug works by attacking cells and blocking the BRAF-V600E mutation only. However, cells or cancers that have a different mutation besides the…

Prostate cancer analysis yields interesting insight into existence of two distinct processes as potential therapeutic targets. Researchers have used clinical data from prostate cancer patients to identify two new gene mutations. Previously considered redundant, these mutations have been introduced in mice to map their distinct effects on the development and progress of prostate cancer. Cancer is the second most prominent cause of human mortality after cardiovascular diseases. In a bid to…

To identify how UPF1 mutations alter gene expression, I will utilize CRISPR based genome editing (Doudna and Charpentier 2014) to generate human cell lines that contain UPF1 mutations identified in pancreatic ASC. To examine the differentially expressed candidates in pancreatic ASC, I will isolate total RNA from UPF1 mutant cell lines and perform RNA…

The four forces of evolution is natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. To start of, natural selection is when organism adapt to their environment and the animals that can't eventually die off. For instance their were other species of cheetahs but the ones that are alive now were selected from natural selection because they were the strongest and the ones that could reproduce more. Genetic drift is a change in a species that might or might not exists in the future. For…

treatment of NSCLC is chemotherapy. Some mutations that cause NSCLC include EGFR mutations that occur at exon 18-21. HERS2 mutations can occur at exon 20. Inactivation of tumor suppressor pathways such as TP53 is another mutation involved in NSCLC. There is a current study going on which involves testing a new drug called dacomitinib. This is an emerging drug for HERS target therapy for NSCLC. Not only does it work for HER2 mutation but also it works for EGFR mutations. Although there are many…

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Canadian women, with the majority of these deaths resulting from metastasis of cancer to other tissues. In 2015, an estimated 25,000 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 5,000 will suffer from cancer-related deaths. When breast cancer is isolated to the breast tissue, cure rates surpass 90%; nonetheless, as cancer cells settle into the adjacent or distant tissues, long-term survival is markedly declined. The…

The Japanese Phobia of Mutation There is a plethora of different phobias that exist in the world. Many of these phobias occur across a multitude of cultures, such as the fear of heights, or the fear of the dark. These fears often are instinctual, and often are comparable to the instincts that our ancestors used to survive. Some phobias that people are affected by are culture-specific. Phobias can either be irrational, such as the fear of clowns, or rational, like the fear of spiders, or…

colonies that these yeast cells form, and carefully count them to determine the growth. The goal of the mutagenesis experiment is to observe the effect that a UV light will have on a culture of yeast cells in two different agars, testing the rate of mutations and cell death that occurs. The overall purpose of the experiment is to connect the…

Genetic mutations may or may not have varying effects on health, depending on where they occur and whether they change the function of essential proteins. There may be various reasons to occur a genetic variation. According to the variation occurred in the gene, mutations are categorized. The types of mutations include: 2.3.1 Missense mutation This type of mutation is a change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of…

intolerance is a serious mutation that many people suffer from. The first paragraph will be stating a description of the disease, major causes of this mutation and the symptoms of this disorder. The second paragraph states the tests used to diagnose this disorder, how the disorder is treated and other contributors to this disorder. The third and final paragraph will be stating how exactly it is to live with this disease, how often this disorder occurs and whether this mutation of the genes is…