Mutagen

In Sub- Sahara Africa, malaria has killed four million citizens, and the number of cases have quadrupled since 1980. Unfortunately, Sub-Saharan countries can’t afford medication because it has a low economic growth rate. Since DDT is a very cheap and effective insecticide, governments in Sub- Sahara Africa use it to prevent malaria outbreaks. Even though DDT is cheap, it should not be used because it causes more harm than benefits: it has harmful chemicals that destroy the environment and kill…

unique contaminants were found in water facilities, and these contaminants are found hazardous for human health. The risk EWG is worrying about the most is exposure to chemical contaminants causing chronic diseases. These contaminants are carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, endocrine disruptors, etc. However, the water in these facilities are still considered safe under SWDA. Compared…

cancer; nevertheless, the author also mentions how other body functions such as inadequate sleep patterns, poor gut health, and low stress management can all as well be risk factors of cancer. The last factor the author discusses is the concept of mutagens from cooking, such as high temperature, which can overall generate dangerous compounds such as heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons- both known to actually mutate one’s DNA itself and increases the risk of disease such as…

Cancer is a disease of mitosis that removes the stop points on the mitosis cell and keeps building many cells. It starts with a single cell which transforms into a cancer cell. When the cell turns into a cancer cell, it forms a mass group of cancer cells called a tumor. Different cancer cells forms different cancers. The p53 gene is usually to control the cell cycle ,but it is most often mutated in over 50 percent of all cancers. The BRCA1 gene is to help suppress the tumor formation, but if it…

diagnosed with cancer. One in three adults will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetimes and we are slowly discovering different mutagens and carcinogens that make this statistic a reality. Factors like alcohol consumption, sun exposure, tobacco use, exposure to pesticides, and the cooking method of meat are all large contributors to these carcinogens and cancer causing mutagens.…

One great organism to study is Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans ) because it is hermaphrodites, transparents and small enough to observe under the microscope. After adding mutagens to them, scientists can get all kinds of freak worms after few days. “Bag of worms” are one of them. It can not lay eggs so its body occupied with dozens of eggs. When eggs hatched inside the worm, larvae eat the mother worm and them come out. Ambros, a scientists who just finished doctor degree at MIT, first…

Alberta is a world-leading energy supplier and exporter of heavy oil for the production of fuel. Gasoline is derived from the distillation of heavy oil and while this resource presents as advantageous for the human population, the displacement of used petroleum into the natural environment has been revealed to be the largest contributor to the pollution in and the destruction of aquatic ecosystems (Ramadass et al. 2014). In this case, gasoline is considered a contaminant or an unwanted substance…

(Kraus et al., 2009). Activation of cytokines like STAT3 and NF-ҡB can also induce stem cell-like phenotype and stem cell expansion in progenitor tumor cells resulting in larger undifferentiated cell populations as potential targets for environmental mutagens (Grivennikov et al., 2010). Deactivation of repair enzymes by chronic inflammation, resulting in loss of tumor suppressors has…

Animal studies have shown that paternal exposures prior to conception and during pregnancy result in increased risk of certain birth defects and cancers. This research suggests that paternal food deprivation, germ line mutations, alcohol use, chemical mutagens, age, smoking habits and epigenetic alterations can affect birth outcomes. Congenital anomalies resulted in about 632,000 deaths per year in 2013 down from 751,000 in 1990. The type with the greatest numbers of deaths are congenital heart…

model predicts that 2 to 8 base pairs regions of microhomology exist between the regions that flank the DSB in the Helitron and that flank the original host sequence captured by the Helitron. Helitrons, like all other TEs, are potential insertional mutagens. (1) Grabundzija et al. reconstructed Helraiser, an ancient element from the bat genome, and use this transposon as an experimental tool to unravel the mechanism of Helitron transposition. A hairpin close to the 3′-end of the transposon…