Mutagen

typhimurium bacterial strain TA1535 in our screen for mutagens. TA1535 has acquired a missense mutations in the hisG gene which leads to leucine to proline amino acid substitutions. The result of this mutation causes it to be auxotrophic, meaning it cannot survive on its own with histidine. However, the bacteria can be capable to survive on its own in the absence of histidine if it undergoes reversions (mutations that grant them the ability to to produce histidine). In return, we can use the reversion rate to measure and calculate the mutagenic properties of our chemical Ethyl Methanesulfonate. Since EMS is proven and known to acquiring mutagenic capabilities, it should produce reversions in S.typhimurium TA1535 at a frequency comparable to other strong mutagen such as sodium azide or higher than the rate of a spontaneous…

tryptophan dropout plate as there were no colonies on the rest of tryptophan dropout plates, including the positive and negative controls. This is the trp5 locus is heteroallelic, which would cause tryptophan auxotrophy, so D7 cells are not able to grow on tryptophan absent plates. But because there was a single colony found, it could be possible that there was mitotic gene conversion at the gene due to a mutagen, in this case tobacco, allowed the D7 yeast cell to grow. (Marshall, 2007) However,…

Genetic mutations can be good and bad, depending on what kind of mutations happen. An example of a good genetic mutation would be a mutation that allows an organism to be more suited to its environment (like a giraffe’s long neck). Unfortunately, it is much more common for harmful mutations to occur, some of which can be small and involve only a single nucleotide, whereas others can affect a large region of a gene (Simon, 2017). Two potential causes of genetic mutations include spontaneous…

reasons), a mutation has occurred. Failures in replication can be caused by a large number of reasons, but some of the more common examples include incorrect pairing of nitrogen bases and exposure to radiation and certain chemicals. “A mutagen is any agent that changes the DNA of an organism.” An example of a mutagen is a virus because viruses injects their genetic information…

favorable to the organism or turn off genes that are unfavorable to the organism. It can lead to the development of new alleles in the organisms. You can mutate a section or a fragment of bacterial DNA that was turned off to turn it on this can make it less susceptible or more susceptible to antibiotics. It would be beneficial to the bacteria but harmful to us if we are trying to get rid of it. Mutagen is a chemical or anything that can cause genetic mutation. Radiation and other chemical…

characterize physical and biological processes.” Theologically, based on the “contingency” of these events in analogy to the biblical interpretation of nature as God’s contingent creation ex nihilo, evolution can be interpreted as “God’s way of creating life.” The ontologically indeterminate quantum events play a fundamental role in collaboration with classical sources and ecological sources. Namely, “Sources of variation in organisms that may include a quantum process, or at least…

place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA. If the cell is not corrected by additional effective system it can lead to Apoptosis (Programmed Cell-death), which is one of the natural cell-death. The types of natural deaths include apoptosis, necrosis and mitotic catastrophe. If abnormal cells are not corrected and Natural cell death does not occur, they result to the development of a tumor that is then formed by the proliferation of damaged cells. These tumors have two…

through the X chromosome and most commonly occurs in males because no allele is present to cover it up (because males only have one X chromosome). Not all of these diseases are completely guaranteed to happen even if people contain the gene for them. For example, people can contain the gene for diabetes (which increases their chances of getting it) but people can take measures to avoid this disease by exercising and eating healthy. In other words, the environment can affect the development and…

humans” based off of four separate experimental observations. (U.S. EPA, 2005, 086237) The first observation is that chronic exposure of acrylamide to F344 rats resulted in a statistically significant increase in thyroid, scrotal, and mammary cancers in two bioassays. The second is that dermal contact and oral ingestion of acrylamide in SwissICR mice resulted in skin tumors. Thirdly, injections of acrylamide into A/J mice resulted in cancer of the lung, and brain. Lastly, acrylamide is an…

third type of treatment used was transposon mutagenesis, which are relatively rare mobile segments of DNA that contain genes coding for their own rearrangement and often genes that specify resistance to various antibiotics. When inserted into new location on the genome, a transposon may interrupt a gene, causing disruption or a complete loss of the function. Transposons are used to induce deletions and rearrangements, we worked with Tn5 in part of our experiment. Spontaneous mutations occur…