Music Genome Project

How does gene therapy work? A mutation leads to missing or malformed proteins can either be harmless or can lead to serious diseases. In case mutation is harmful and leads to serious diseases, doctors use gene therapy as a treatment. Lab technicians isolate normal DNA and package it into a vector, which acts as a molecular delivery truck. These vectors are composed of viral DNA sequences. They either injected or given intravenously (by IV) into a specific tissue in the patient’s body.…

All genes of living organisms are translated into proteins according to a single genetic code. Eighteen out of the twenty amino acids are encoded by multiple codons, called synonymous codons. If the ultimate goal of protein translation is to produce the encoded amino acid, each synonymous codon should be used equally. Interestingly however, biased usage among synonymous codons occurs in organisms like Escherichia coli and yeast. Codon usage bias refers to the fact that some synonymous codons are…

In the two years since President Obama announced the BRAIN Initiative, much progress has begun. The application to which these integrative technologies to specific question-based projects will grow over the later years of the Initiative. Continued development of technology will be applied in the middle stages of the BRAIN Initiative as combinations of technology begin to emerge (Bargmann BRAIN 2025). An example of this combination of technology is when scientists combing advance genetic and…

Genetic editing is a process where DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleus’s, or molecular scissors. Gene editing can be used to treat diseases and to modify aspects of an organism , but there are some disadvantages to genetic editing. There is also some question to the danger and ethicalness of genetic editing done to embryos. Genetic editing in the past has cured diseases like severe combined immune deficiency , leukemia and leber's…

CRISPR, a revolutionary idea, a project that can help humanity or damage it. The DNA that is known as CRISPR-cas9 has been said to do incredible things, but also horrible things. Another problem is that in this world today who owns the patent, who can truly say that this was their discovery, and what does CRISPR really do? Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR for short, are segments of DNA that contain short, repeating sequences. The repetitions are then followed by…

at the University of Pennsylvania due to lack of informed consent and eligibility criteria for participation. Human genome project is other issue that is of major concern to privacy breach. With the advanced technology in genome sequencing and analysis, we are now able to decipher human genome. However, this leads to problems like patient future health concerns. One his/her genome sequence was known, using current bio-informatics databases we can predict about any possible development of…

Although PacBio sequencing could generate much longer reads than SGS, the throughput is its weakness. There are 150,000 ZMWs on a single SMRT RSII cell, each of which could produce one polymerase read or CCS read. Typically, only 35,000~70,000 of 150,000 ZMWs on one cell could successfully produce reads due to either the failure to anchor a polymerase or loading more than one polymerase in a ZMW. Therefore, the typical throughput of the PacBio RS II system is about 0.5-1 billion bases (0.5-1 G)…

The advent of personalized medicine is moving us from a traditional “one-size-fits-all” approach, based on broad population averages, to a more precise health care that is customized for each individual patient. The sequencing of the human genome has initiated a genomic era of personalized medicine. Knowledge of patients genomic, gained through high through-put next generation sequencing (NGS) is offering opportunities for biological insights and clinical diagnostics. Advances in this field have…

works and basic genome sequences it would manipulate. I however did not know too much information about it since it is relatively a new topic and new discoveries being coming to light daily. Therefore I did my research and chose this topic in order to get a better knowledge about a technology that will change the world in the future. There were a few things I had in mind before I started my research and acquired better knowledge about my topic. When we’re talking about human genome we’re talking…

A knockout mouse is a mouse that has a certain targeted gene in its genome replaced with a gene which codes either for an inactive form of the desired knockout gene, or with another gene that codes for a product completely unrelated to the original genes product. These mice are then used to test various hypothesizes that…