Muscular dystrophy

Purpose: Recent research indicates that the skeletal muscles of the human body do not function as independent actuators. Instead, they seem to be linked by connective tissue forming myofascial chains. While the existence of such meridians has been demonstrated for the ventral and the dorsal side of the body, no data are available for morphological fusion of lateral muscles. This study aimed to provide evidence for the inferior part of the lateral myofascial chain. Methods: Fourteen legs (7…

The results from the first experiment confirmed the hypothesis, to a certain extent, in that increasing stimulus strength will increase the force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle and visa versa till 0.2V, where the force germinated starts to decrease. As shown in Table 2 and Figure 2, the strength of the stimulus started from 0.00 V to 1.00V with 0.05 V and 0.10V intervals. At 0.10V the force generated by the muscle increases rapidly from 0mN to 288.33mN. The force generated by the muscle…

As far as an athletes perspective on supplementation it seems like a fast and efficient way to get bigger, stronger, and faster effectively. These supplements vary from simple over the counter products such as protein, amino acids, creatine, and even advanced supplements such as anabolic steroids. Some of these are incredible safe and effective while others may do more harm than good. I will be exploring the positive and negative benefits of creatine when taken as a supplement for an athlete (a…

Running is a very inexpensive form of exercise. All that it takes is time and effort. A person can run almost anywhere, a park, a trail, a track, a neighborhood or even on a treadmill. Running is an excellent exercise for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It focuses on the leg muscles, toning and strengthening them. If a person is not sure how to start a running program, there are options for them. Couch to 5K is a program that gives a person a starting point and lets them build up to…

garments, from companies such as Nike and Adidas, as well as being seen on professional athletes. Muscular endurance can be defined as the muscle’s ability to maintain a contraction or to continue repetitive contraction over a long period of time. Increased muscular endurance is thus associated with increased athletic performance. With medium length distance runners, one could see how increased muscular endurance could benefit their performance in a competitive setting…

Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A Introduction Botulinum toxin was first identified as a cause of food poisoning over 100 years ago (Carruthers and Carruthers, 2009). Since then, there has been an identification of seven different serotypes labeled A-G; all produced by different strains of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum (Hurkadle et al., 2012). Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is the main and most well-studied serotype that is used in cosmetic (Hurkadle et al., 2012). The BTX-A can be…

Muscular injuries are one of the leading injuries faced by amateur and elite athletes today (Dadebo, White, & George, 2004; Mayo, Seijas, & Alvarez, 2014; Woods, Bishop, & Jones, 2007). Before athletes even step on to the field, the court, the stage, or in front of the crowd, they have already been in the game mind set for the last hour going through their pregame routine. Pregame routines vary greatly, but almost all contain some combination of sport appropriate warm-ups and stretches. Warming…

deal with a form of weight, be it lifting a weight, pushing/pulling something or withstanding pressure. Strength is considered to be an anaerobic component in that it usually doesn’t take longer than 2 minutes (if it did it would be pushing into muscular endurance.) This type of resistance training can lead to hypertrophy, resulting in larger, denser muscles as when you create micro-tears in the muscles, the body overcompensates by making new muscle fibres. This leads to stronger muscles, this…

A single frog leg that was severed from the body at the hip joint was dissected to isolate and expose the gastrocnemius muscle. The gastrocnemius muscle was first separated from the tibiofibula bone, but left attached to the knee and the Achilles tendon. A 15 cm long piece of strong thread was tied tightly around the Achilles tendon of the heel of the frog for later attachment of the muscle to the force transducer equipment. The Achilles tendon below the tied string was then severed and the…

fact about this type of clothing is the fact that it can also be worn during the daily routine, for improving muscular endurance, as…