Municipality

Of the 1718 municipalities that exist in Japan, 46% are classified as depopulated; despite occupying over half of the country’s total land, a mere 8% of the national population reside in these municipalities (Rural Independence Promotion Union). The problem of depopulation in villages is exacerbated by a shortage of worker population, resulting into a “graying” population, deteriorated agriculture and industry (Warnock). According to the 2005 census conducted by Statistics Japan, Miyoshi city,…

The Effects of Growth Management on Housing Affordability Urban planners have theorized and advocated for the practice of various growth management techniques in order to employ smart growth and curb urban sprawl. Growth management frameworks include urban containment methods that restrict where development may occur, impact fees which require developers to cover environmental and infrastructural costs, and design guidelines that promote higher densities and more diverse development types and…

Principal Shadowing Upon guidance and recommendations from the SPA internship team, three head building principals from the Wyoming Valley West School District were sensibly selected. Having an overwhelmingly extensive amount of time in public education, the three principals had a combined total of over 60 years in the school district and with nearly 30 years of that time in administration. Respectively so, they are all in charge of the three largest buildings in the school district, too.…

Before we can discuss the concepts between the three spheres namely, politics, government and governance, it is very important to discuss the concept of state because without a state, none of the three spheres mentioned above would exists because they all function within a state. A state, according to Cloete (1993:147), is an independent territory with clearly established boundaries that are recognized by the people of that territory, and the people and governments of other recognized states. A…

review Teams both in the United States and internationally. They also collect reports for several municipalities. Santa Clara County’s Domestic Violence Death Review Team providers their annual reports to be posted on the website. These reports are the primary source of the statistical data for Santa Clara County used in this study. The reports do not provide any information about any other municipalities. Domestic violence death trends for the United States was gathered on the Bureau of Justice…

Light Rail Transit is the most recent innovation in public transport technology and is regarded by many major municipalities across Canada as the next step in the evolution of their public transit systems. Many municipalities have begun plans to implement LRT within the near future, and Hamilton is one of them (“Ten Year Local Transit Strategy”). Light Rail Transit has many benefits: it is relatively inexpensive to produce, and the cars themselves are high capacity (about 280 people in a…

the city of Esquimalt may encourage other cities to implement similar ideas. From this perspective, the CRD website effectively promotes the challenge by providing complete and objective information as well as motivating students, professors, municipalities and organizations to become involved. In addition to their website, the CRD also promotes their Ready Set Solve Challenge on social media. Different Facebook pages affiliated with the CRD and the three participating colleges have created…

and federal officers, these individuals are armed whether on or off duty; unlike state and federal officers, local law enforcement agencies protect the citizens and enforce the laws of the United States, their state government, and their local municipality within their assigned jurisdictions…

Building codes established and enforced in municipalities today regulate the construction of buildings and other structures to protect the health, safety and welfare of the general public. Although some major cities in the United States still have their own building codes, most municipalities adopt a State code as the foundation for local building control, and modify the regulations through amendments based on their unique goals and resources. For example, Denver, Colorado, which historically…

The largest and most prevalent was where governments outlawed scavenging in municipalities, dumps, and landfills. Waste could still be seen as a “common resource” in that everyone theoretically had access to them, however, it was not legal or safe for scavengers or coops to gather it. In Medina’s reading we saw that some governments…