Muisca

While events in these three books echo the history of their respective countries, their main characters do as well. In One Hundred Years of Solitude, the Buendía family represents different parts of Colombia as the family cycles through life and death. All members of the Buendía family are solitary in some way, which represents the isolated of Latin America. According to Laura Turgeon in World Literature and its Times, their seclusion is “symbolic of . . . their culture, their continent . . . unable to relate to the world outside on terms other than those of a deeply felt and crippling inferiority” (406). At the time that Marquez wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude, Latin America was disconnected from the rest of the world, and this is reflected by the isolation of the Buendía family. Over the course of the novel, the family chooses not to interact with other people in the village of Macondo, despises the Europeans that move into town, and distances themselves from the problems that the rest of Colombia deals with head on. However, the Buendía family cannot fully isolate themselves from the barbaric fighting that defines Colombian culture. One character in particular, Colonel, represents the violent culture of Colombia. In the novel, the war between the Conservatives and the Liberals finally comes to an end, but Colonel is unable to let go of his violent past. Instead, at a dinner party that houses members of both parties, his mother noticed that “the adversaries forgot the…

coast, but it was not until 1525 that Rodrigo de Bastidas laid the first stones of Santa Marta, the earliest surviving town. In 1533, Pedro de Heredia founded Cartagena, which soon became the principal center of trade. In 1536 a general advance toward the interior began independently from three different directions, under Jiménez de Quesada, Sebastián de Benalcázar (known in Colombia as Belalcázar) and Nikolaus Federmann. Although all three were drawn by the Indian treasures, none intended to…

elite mestizos who strove to be accepted in Spanish social circles, and interpreting mestizo as a gendered social process. In the next chapter, Rappaport gave an example of two mestizo caciques of Muisca pueblos called don Alonso de Silva and don Diego de Torres. In chapter 5, she examines what early modern bureaucrats thought people of different qualities. Also, detailing aspects by recourse to skin color and the presence or absence of facial hair. Basically, this chapter tries to understand…

are Football (soccer) and Cycling. Beyond all the culture of Colombia, the nation also has a very intriguing history. The nation was discovered in 1500 by Alonso de Ojeda. Ojeda met the Natives of the land and the riches the possessed. The Native Colombians gave Ojeda gold as an offering. The discovery of gold in Colombia brought many colonists. With the arrival of colonists, came the new settlements. Santa Marta and Cartagena were founded in 1533. These colonies were on the coast, the inland…

ranging from 850,000 to four million – according to historian estimates. Additionally, these indigenous populations had varying levels of civilization: on one end of the spectrum, there existed hunter-gatherer groups living in the tropical rain forest, and on the other advanced groups such as the Tairona and Muisca, living at high altitudes. In between, there were several organized indigenous groups called chiefdoms, that were frequently at war with each other and supposedly practiced…

his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end.” Juan Manuel Santos was elected into office in 2010. The currency use in Colombia is the Colombian Peso which is equivalent to about 0.00034 United States dollars (COP). The unemployment rate in the Republic of Colombia is 9.5%, however, the income inequality among Colombians is of the worst in the world with close to one third of its population sitting below the poverty line (Central Intelligence Agency). …

with a broad scope of cultural domains. Some of these are Aesthetics and recreational activities, as well as language and communication skills. Along with these domains; their relations with the United States (US) date back nearly two centuries and much of Colombia’s present and past are deeply affected by the drug trade. 2. Drug culture has driven the ideal image of women in that the aesthetics of the culture are referred to as “Narco-aesthetics”1. This is the description given to the…

The boat drifted out to the lake. The occupants threw millions of dollars of golden treasures into the waters. Then their beloved leader, the new king, made an appearance on deck. He dived into the water, with gold dust covering his entire body. This legend supposedly dates back thousands of years. The event, called El Dorado, has evolved into a “city of gold” that many have searched for. From exploration, to descriptions, to the history of this mysterious story comes , are all things that…

classification of a person from these variables (racial markers of calidad) permitted to be classified as Indian, black or Spanish. Here is where she alludes at the disappearing of a mestizo with the term calidad since the calidad of a person, as mestiza was a fleeting label at a particular moment. Another important aspect that she uses in supporting her thesis is the question if mestizos conform a group. Rappaport suggests that due to the difficulty of establishing who was mestizo, as a…

Philip Musica who used the name F. Donald Coster bought the McKesson & Robbins in 1926 (Foster, p. 5). The owners of McKesson & Robbins sold the company which F. Donald Coster bought. Philip Musica had been involved in several fraud cases before he bought the pharmaceutical company Mckesson & Robbins. The Musica family had been involved in a scandal in which the family bribed custom officials. “The Musicas had been paying fine Italian cheeses recorded at a fraction of their actual weight…