Mucous membrane

BMS524 Case study: Epidemiology of an outbreak of nosocomial infection The surgical unit in a large and busy teaching hospital has experienced an infection control problem. 48h postoperatively two patients on one ward and one patient on a different ward became pyrexial (elevated body temperature) with signs of a local wound infection. Swabs were taken of the wounds and sent for microscopic analysis (see above) and microbiological investigation. A Gram stain of the wound swab revealed the…

to the central nervous system, and is used medically as an anesthetic. In surgery, it can deaden a local area and produce vasoconstriction to reduce bleeding at the site. When abused, cocaine is sniffed or snorted into the nose, rubbed on the mucous membranes, or injected. It creates a euphoria that lasts about 30 minutes, leaving an individual with a greater need each time to have more. It is quick and severe in its addiction and creates multiple side effects that can include cardiac…

breathed in irritate the respiratory system causing inflammation. Smoking for 25 years probably contributed to chronic bronchitis. C.M had a cough. The cough could have been from the chronic bronchitis. The bronchial mucus gland becomes enlarged and mucous is then secreted. Towards the end of the day he was producing blood tinged sputum. Productive cough with sputum is also a sign of pneumonia. The neutrophils engulf the foreign bacteria and leave an exudate substance that…

Welcome to the honeymoon phase of your pregnancy. Give yourself a pat on the back for valiantly surviving the last three months. Going by what studies and most women claim, the next trimester is going to be a lot easier and more comfortable, and that’s why it is referred to as the honeymoon period. As your baby grows tirelessly within your womb, you might find yourself getting more accustomed to the pregnancy hormones and the regular aches and pains. Babyoye Engage tells you what to expect in…

certain body fluids from a HIV-infected person. The list of body fluids possible to contract HIV is blood, semen (cum), pre seminal fluid (pre-cum), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids and breast milk. The body fluids listed must come into contact with a mucous membrane or a damaged tissue or HIV injected directly into your bloodstream for transmission of HIV to possibly occur. Having sexual intercourse is the biggest risk of contracting HIV; anal sex is the highest risk sexual behaviour. Vaginal sex…

is used to treat patients with moderate to severe pain usually associated with postoperative pain or neoplastic disease. (Tiziani, 2010) Morphine produces pharmacological actions such as pain relief, by acting on receptors located on neural cell membranes. (News Medical, 2015) Morphine simulates the actions of endorphins and enkephalins at opioid receptors, (Bryant & Knights, 2011) The capabilities of morphine span further than just the treatment of pain, it can be used to supress an…

When the United States became aware of the AIDS disease in early 1980’s most people thought of it as a death sentence. No treatment was available and the cause of the disease was unknown. People today infected with the HIV – the virus that causes Aids can live rather normal healthy lives. (Aidsinfo.Nih.gov 2015) HIV stands for the human immunodeficiency virus. The HIV virus attacks and destroys the infection fighting CD4 cells of the immune system. With the loss of the CD4 cells it…

HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus ) What’s HIV? How can it be transmitted? Can it go away? If so, how.? HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus,HIV is just like other viruses, like the ones who cause the “flu” and common cold. Over time,humans immune system can kill this bacterias and viruses out of humans bodies, thats not the case with hiv.For some reason the immune system does seem to get rid of the hiv virus.Its known that HIV can, and probably will hide in cells for longs periods of…

Syphilis: The Big Sore Loser Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that has been around for many centuries. No one is certain when or where syphilis began. One theory is that the bacteria was carried to Europe from America by Christopher Columbus’s sailors. Syphilis was discovered by Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann in 1905. Syphilis is also called “lues,” which means the “plague” in Latin. It used to be treated with dangerous drugs and remedies until after World War II when penicillin…

Male infant circumcision (MIC) is the most common surgical procedure in the world. In 2011, it was estimated that one-third of the world’s men were circumcised, according to the World Health Organization. A study by Dan Bollinger in the Journal of Boyhood Studies states that every year in the United States, over one million newborn infant males are circumcised (76). The infant has no choice in the outcome of his body. The only justification for the removal of the foreskin should be a medical…