Motte-and-bailey

What was originally established in 1884 by the five Ringling Brothers was known to be The Greatest Show on Earth until they were charged with the largest civil fine in American circus history —$270,000. Animal activists and federal laws have practically forced the Ringling Brothers to eliminate the use of elephants from their circus due the their volition of the Animal Welfare Act and unequivocal evidence of the cruelty toward their animals. Due to the exposure of these cruel acts, the company…

the death of John’s wife Mable, hoping it would “promote education and art appreciation, especially among our young people.” John Ringling owned and operated a circus with four of his six brothers and it’s name was the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus. While he gained great success with the circus he developed a voracious passion for…

Wildlife in Captivity Throughout the years, we have been made to believe that wildlife in entertainment is fascinating. However, what we do not know, is the way these animals are being treated behind closed doors. Since 1959, SeaWorld has made it seem, as if it is an incredible place for their marine animals. Though, what SeaWorld does not advertise, is how these animals have been captured by SeaWorld’s own poachers. Now SeaWorld is not the only entertainment park that exploits their wild…

Have you ever felt so intrigued by the way animals preform in the circus? Did you wonder how they learned to do those amazing tricks? For someone who loves animals as much as I do, it is very displeasing to learn that animals are not doing this for their own enjoyment, but instead being forced to do so for our own enjoyment. First, I will be speaking on the wrong doings of the circuses, in which they use many animals in a very cruel way to make money for themselves. The circus has been the…

In the articles “Elephants can lend a helping trunk” by Virginia Morell, “Elephants know when they need a helping trunk in a cooperative task” by Joshua M. Plotnik, and “Elephants console each other” by Virginia Morell they talk about how elephants played a task where they had to pull a rope with a partner to get food. In the article they describe it as a platform tied to a rope on both sides and the elephants have to pull the rope together to get the platform with food to get closer. But if one…

All around the world elephants are known to be one of the brightest animals to exist in our time period. The reason for people to think this is because of the many interactions they have together so they work cooperatively to complete a certain task.Though rather these theories are true or not, can be proven through a series of passages and videos. These videos and passages provide an experiment that proves that elephants can work together well. The experiment will require two elephants and…

Phineas Taylor Barnum is one of the most famous showmen in America. He was born July 5, 1810 and died April 7, 1891. During his lifetime, P.T Barnum invented the circus and he was the reason we have the three-ring circles in the circus. The movie The Greatest Showman tries to portray P.T Barnum’s life. There is a lot of similarities and differences between the movie The Greatest Showman and real life on P.T Barnum life. Some similarities are what he did before the circus and who he worked with.…

term "motte and bailey" is a relatively modern one, and is not medieval in origin. The word "motte" is the French version of the Latin mota, and in France the word motte was initially an early word for a turf it then became used to refer to a turf bank, and by the 12th century was used to refer to the castle design itself.The word "bailey" comes from the Norman-French baille, or basse-cour, referring to a low yard In medieval sources, the Latin termcastellum was used to describe the bailey…

could be burnt very easily and could simply be broken down by a siege tower. These castles later evolved to stronger, well maintained means of protection in 500 years. The first castle ever made was a Motte and Bailey castle. The Motte was a tiny hill with a small tower called a Keep on top of it; the Bailey…

pointed style of the Gothic Medieval architecture which is also referred to as Perpendicular style of architecture. The norman castles styled in Romanesque architecture had design faults which led to many problems in terms of defense. The wooden Motte and Bailey castles were at risk of fire and their towers were quickly replaced by the stone keeps, which also had their own problems. The influence of the crusades led to the construction of the concentric castles and a new style of medieval…