Motor neuron

talked about neurons in the brain. Neurons transfer information to muscle, nerve cells and glands. These programs focused on how neurons play a big role in memory as well as humans cognitive abilities. In the TED talk video neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel spoke about why the human brain is different compared to mammalian brains. Scientists in the past thought that the number of neuron in the brain was depended on the actual brain size. Therefore, the larger the brain the more neurons…

coordination of voluntary water movement. The cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance and equilibrium and muscle tone. It is located just above the brain stem and toward the back of the brain. It is relatively well protected from trauma compared to the frontal and temporal lobes and brain stem. damage to the cerebellum can lead to: 1) loss of coordination of motor movement (asynergia), 2) the inability to judge distance and when to stop (dysmetria), 3)…

and the motor structure. The brain does control the voluntary muscle movement, but it works in conjunction with the spinal cord. It is now accepted that the motor patterns and rhythms governing locomotion in mammals are controlled by an area of the spinal cord known as the Central Pattern Generator (CPG) (Kiehn, 2006). The neural circuits in the CPG get activated by a signal through the descending locomotor commands coming from neurons in the brainstem and midbrain. After that, the neurons in…

7 cranial nerve pairs out of 12 pairs in human nervous system function more or less in speech or hearing; these are the cranial nerves V (Trigeminal), VII (Facial), VIII (Vestibulocochlear), IX (Glossopharyngeal), X (Vagus), XI (Spinal Accessory), and XII (Hypoglossal). These have particular roles other than assisting speech or hearing. Furthermore, most clinical tests for cranial nerve functions neither are recommended to be performed by speech and hearing pathologists, nor are they related to…

ganglia, it does not directly initiate or suppress movement but works by influencing movements by modifying activity patterns of the upper motor neurons. The cerebellum receives its input from the spinal cord in form of mossy fibers that project from the pons and spinocerebellar pathways. Mossy fibers contribute the information necessary for the output from the motor cortex and sensory information about the state of the body. In addition, it also receives input from climbing fibers that project…

sensory receptors (Ireland, 2012) in her skin sent the message that it was hot. The sensory neuron is responsible for carrying the information. This is an afferent neuron, because it is taking the message to the central nervous system. The message is carried through the peripheral nervous system to the spinal cord. Once it reaches the spinal cord, association neurons pass the message to motor neurons. Motor neurons, which are efferent, carry the message back to move. This chain is called a…

model’s brain, the thalamus is in dark blue next to the ganglia and in front of the pineal gland. The thalamus serves as the last relay site where axons synapse before sensory signals are sent to the cerebrum. Additionally, the thalamus regulates motor functions and consciousness due to its role in sensory information regulation. The basal ganglia (in light green) are collections of nuclei found on both sides of the…

become more apparent with the help of a strong and productive nervous system; this would include any change in emotion, memory or the environment. Neurons are known as the messengers of the body. They are the nerve cells that send messages through the nervous system, while the nerve impulses send coded electrical signals from the neuron. The motor neurons carry the brain and spinal cord impulses, to the muscles and the glands, while the sensory…

It also represents a sense organ, such as an eye. The nervous system also contains neuroglial or glial cells which are not neurons and usually outnumber the neurons at a ratio of 10 to 1. The typical peripheral glial cells surrounding the axons are referred to as Schwann cells and are useful in myelination. The microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes form the central glia and are associated…

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. The PNS connects the rest of the body to the CNS. The PNS are grouped into two categories, sensory (afferent) nerves and motor (efferent) nerves. Sensory nerves convey information from receptors to the CNS. Motor nerves convey information from the CNS to the muscles and the rest of the body. The motor (efferent) nerves are further divided into two; somatic system (voluntary control) and autonomic system (involuntary control). (Fig. 1: Microscopic…