Monosaccharide

PURPOSE We used chemical indicators to identify possible sugar, starch, protein, and lipids present within two common food items as well as the dead Anna Garcia’s stomach contents. HYPOTHESIS If Anna ate foods like pizza, ice cream, and Oreo cookies like she said on her food log, then her stomach contents should react with the chemical indicators for glucose, maybe starch due to the pizza. INTRODUCTION The experiment considers the types of macromolecules within each piece of food. Each type…

According to R.A Aitken, “An asymmetric synthesis may be defined as a synthesis in which an achiral unit is an ensemble of substrate molecules is converted to a chiral unit such that the possible stereoisomers are formed in unequal amounts.” It relates to any synthetic process that incorporates one or more new elements of chirality during a functional group transformation. Asymmetric synthesis involves the formation of chiral molecules. An object is said to be chiral, if it cannot be…

Health and wellness are essential for optimal well-being. According to the World Health Organization health and wellness is, “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity” (Edlin & Golanty, 4). Health affects every aspect of life. Authors of Health and Wellness Edlin and Golanty state, “Health is not static, it is a dynamic process that takes into account all the decisions we make daily, such as the foods we eat and the amounts…

Before someone heads out, before they start for their daily Dunkin Donuts visit, they should consider something. What exactly are they putting into their bodies? Coffee, which is scientifically called “methylxanthine” is an alkaloid that makes up caffeine; the primary ingredient of coffee. Caffeine has a chemical formula of C8H10N4O2. These elements include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Now, chances are most people do not simply get a black coffee, especially if they are taking the…

It is a disaccharide with a molecular structure made up of 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen, and 11 atoms of oxygen (C12H22O11). As stated before it is a compound of fructose (C6H12O6) and glucose (C6H12O6) both of which are monosaccharides. Its main use is for confections such as sweet pastries, cakes, and candies. In some cases it is even used as a preservative. It comes in many different forms that have just as many uses. It has a number of sources such as its more commonly known…

• Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are imperative for the grow and function of cells in the human body, as well as in most life forms. Named for its composure of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, carbohydrates provide an important energy source for cells. When the numerous carbon-hydrogen bonds found in carbohydrates are broken down they form new more stable chemical bonds, like carbon-oxygen bonds. This process releases energy that cells can use or store for later. Once most carbohydrates…

Starch consists of amylose and amylopectin. They are built of glucose molecules, the only difference is the linkage between this molecules. Starch processing is used to convert starch originating from maize, wheat or potatoes into disaccharides or monosaccharides. A very big area of operation is the production of High Fructose Corn Syrup (High Fructose Corn Syrup). Three different enzymes are used in the processing of corn to the HFCS end product. The first step in HFCS production, which…

because they belong in an alkaline environment with a pH of 8 and not an acidic environment with pH of 2. Lactase is a great example of this. Lactase is the enzyme that catabolizes (breaks down) the sugar lactose (a disaccharide) into the two monosaccharides, galactose and glucose. Lactase is mostly found in the small intestine, where the pH is around 7. Therefore it is reasonable to hypothesize that human lactase is optimally active at 37 ˚C and at a pH of…

1.3.3 Lipid oxidation While not a direct outcome of proteinaceous compounds, aldehydes such as hexanal and (E)-2-nonenal have been attributed to the oxidation of lipid components present in the raw material (Aaslyng et al., 1998b). They are often present in much higher concentrations in enzyme hydrolysates and have been correlated to beany off-odours described in numerous literature. Solina et al. (2005) compared the volatile components of soy protein isolate (SPI) and acid-hydrolysed soy…

Review: Alterations in the Gut Microbiome caused by Consumption of Non-Digestible Carbohydrates Counteractive Effects on Diet-Induced-Obesity For the first time in human, the number of fatalities related to obesity outnumber those caused by malnutrition (World Health Organization [WHO] 2015). This troubling fact is followed by a second, equally concerning one, that being, for the first time in United States’s history, the next generation is predicted to have a shorter life expectancy than the…