Monosaccharide

Genetic transformation is the process in which a gene from one organism inserts itself into a different organism thus changing that organism’s genetic makeup, “Genetic transformation literally means change caused by genes and involves the insertion of a gene into an organism in order to change the organism’s trait.” Abraham, Anup.2016. Bacterial Transformation. Biology 281 Conceptual Approach to Biology for Majors I. Arizona State University. Hayden-McNeil. In this experiment, bacteria will be…

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae/Fabaceae) is commonly known as kidney bean. It is named so because of its resemblance in shape and colour to human kidney [1]. It is an edible item consumed by large number of people in Asian and Eastern countries. It is a sub-erect or twining annual herb. It was the first cultivated crop by the early humans. It is considered to have originated from Peru. Then it spread to Central and South America by Indian traders who brought it from Peru. But it is now grown…

the enterocytes, proteins are broken up by pepsin from gastric glands and then further broken down by trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and carboxypeptidases. Carbohydrates are hydrolysed by amylases and membrane bound enzymes convert sugars to monosaccharides. Lipids are emulsified in the stomach and then further emulsified in the duodenum by pancreatic lipases, small lipid molecules are absorbed by…

the starch into smaller chains of polysaccharides with a ratter low Dextrose Equivalent setting up it for step. 7. The liquid-factions performed by a complete scarification to a high DE hydro lysate with amylo-glucosidase to an assortment of the monosaccharide dextrose and also smaller amounts of the disaccharide maltose and also lower polysaccharides. This kind of inter-mediate product will replace the beet and stick sugar in the fermentation. 8. With this method bacteria are grown aerobically…

Fermentation Rate in Different Sugars Abstract: This experiment is designed by students after studying the process of cellular respiration and fermentation. It demonstrates students’ understanding over the materials and utilization of the lab setting. In this experiment, the primary focus will on the speed of fermentation in different substances (sugars) in the same condition (temperature, volume, amount of yeast). Each solution will be mix with a fix amount of yeast and put in fermentation tube…

The objective of this experiment in Lab #2 was to identify an unknown substance using different chemical tests to determine what organic molecules it contains. These tests are referred to as the Benedict’s, Lugol’s, Biuret, and Sudan IV tests and are each used to identify an organic compound. For instance, Benedict’s checks for reducing sugars, Lugol’s for starch, Biuret for protein, and Sudan IV for lipids. When testing the unknown with each reagent, the substance only tested positive for…

Macromolecules are vital to humans. They are divided into different types with different functions. Humans use carbohydrates as a main source of energy. Carbs are divided into simple, monosaccharide or disaccharide, and complex, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. Simple carbs are easily digested and provide big amount of energy for a short period of time, while the complex carbs distribute the energy in a longer period of time. What’s more, complex carbs contain fibers which cannot be digested.…

Fermentation is a metabolic process which involves the conversion of sugars to acids, gases or alcohol. Fermentation occurs in the body when there is a lack of oxygen supplied to the muscle cells, but also occurs in yeast and bacterial cells. In the body the fermentation process becomes significant during oxygen deprivation episodes, thus becoming the key method of ATP production. Cells tend to avoid fermentation considering the fact that generally, with the exception of strict anaerobes, yeast…

organisms produce histidine in the same metabolic pathway (Ingle). Histidine are produced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) donating a carbon and a nitrogen, glutamine and glutamate provide two more nitrogen atoms, and then lastly the phosphorylated monosaccharide 5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate provides the last five needed carbons (Pratt & Cornely 485). In order to synthesize, it is estimated that it requires 31 to 41 ATP moles to form one histidine (D'Mello). When plants and microorganisms…

Cancers are managed through effective nutrition to supplement drugs, and it is generally believed that good nutrition is effective in preventing and minimizing cancer. Indeed, many plant products including complex carbohydrates have been proven to have bio-functional role, including anti-proliferative, autophagy and apoptosis activity [25,26]. Pectin, especially modified pectins have been found to possess anticancer activity. The most well-known pectin in cancer therapy is modified citrus pectin…