Monomer

polymer of (glucans, dextrans, levans) or hetero/polymer of (hexose and pentose sugars plus ribitol/glycerol/other sugar alcohols) and capsule can also be composed of phosphoesterases. Capsule is also made of repeating oligonucleotide of more than one monomer. Many exopolysaccharides are acidic in nature due to heavy carbonyl groups either from acidic sugars such as uronic acids/neuraminic acid or from non-sugar subunits such as pyruvyl, acetyl and formyl group.Capsules are either synthesized at…

2.2.3. Azoles. Its mode of action, therapeutic properties, and resistance mechanisms developed by fungi and also by pharmaceutical companies, who get involve in enhancing its efficacy studied more. Hence it is mostly used antifungal agent in clinical practice. Azoles are two types i.e. imidazoles contain two nitrogen atoms, and the triazoles contain three nitrogen atoms which was classified according to number of nitrogen atoms presents in this cyclic organic molecules. Azole drugs target the…

The FTIR spectra of four phosphazenium salts and P5+ are shown in Figure S1. Four phosphazenium salts have characteristic absorptions at 2850 and 2930 cm-1, belonging to the stretching vibration of -CH2- and -CH-, respectively, and this peak in the P5+ represents the absorption of –CH3. All the five compounds exhibit absorption at 960, 1230, and 1442 cm-1 corresponding to the stretching vibrations of P–N. In the FTIR spectrum of Cy4P1+BF4-, the peaks at 1633 and 3432 cm-1 belong to water because…

In 1953, American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick discovered how genetic code was passed down through generations. They figured out that DNA worked like an instructional manual passing on genetic coding through the generations. It defines different characteristics such as height, eye color and even the diseases that each individual will likely develop. In 1990s, scientists began collaborating on the Human Genome project to identify how genetics played a role in the…

For the GM debate, it is difficult to see where scientific evidence ends and speculation begins. This section will delve into assessing the scientific arguments anti-GM groups present. Additionally, these scientifically based arguments are what policy makers use in order to justify their regulatory decisions on potential ecological and food safety risks. There are difficulties in identifying and locating genes for gene scientists. Researchers have limited knowledge on the agriculturally…

The purpose of my experiment is to examine the amount of BPA levels in food packaging for infants. I believe that the BPA levels in baby food varies considering food packaging size, texture, material, and color. To help me during my experimental process I have found several articles,that explain each concept of my experiment; also providing background information. Kubwabo, C., Kosarac, I., Stewart, B., Gauthier, B. R., Lalonde, K., & Lalonde, P. J. (2009). Migration of bisphenol A from plastic…

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia that affects the central nervous system by causing cognitive problems. Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, meaning that this disease gets more severe over time. It is estimated that 700,000 people in this country will die from Alzheimer’s this year, making it one of the highest causes of death in America. As of right now, there is no cure; however treatments are available to help reduce the symptoms of this disease. Alzheimer's is most…

B. fat|2. E. functional protein| C. monosaccharide|3. D. nucleotide| D. nucleotide|4. B. fat| E. functional protein|5. A. polysaccharide| Activity 8 8-1: Name the molecule pictured above. _DNA__ 8-2: Name the type of monomer that makes this polymer. _Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine__ 8-3: Name the bonds that help to hold the two strands together. _Hydrogen Bond__ 8-4: Name the three-dimensional shape of this molecule. _double strand coiled into a double…

1.10. Uses of Lactic acid Lactic acid and some of its derivatives (salts and esters) are used in three main applications: foods, polymers, and industrial. Figure 2: Uses of lactic acid [22] 1.10.1. Food The food industry is the traditional large consumer of lactic acid and lactate salts. It is mainly used as an acidulant and preservative. Lactic acid has a mild acid taste and does not overpower weaker aromatic flavors. Since it occurs naturally, it does not introduce a foreign element into…

Introduction As humans are unable to produce Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) but still require it for proper body function, humans obtain Vitamin C from external sources.1 Historically, citrus fruits, which have a comparatively higher amount of Vitamin C, were eaten to achieve proper amounts of Vitamin C or prevent scurvy. During the age of long sea voyages, where fresh food was scarce, scurvy was prevalent and extremely detrimental .2 However, fruit was not always available or economically feasible.…