Monocyte

The human immune response is a complex, layered system that uses multiple defense mechanisms which function in harmony to protect the body from infection and illness. There are two main types of immune response, the innate and acquired, and while these responses are related and sometimes overlap, they use separate processes to defend against invaders. Working as a whole, innate and acquired immune responses protect the body from infectious organisms. Infectious organisms that can cause disease…

healing is inflammation. Neutrophils come to the wound site minutes after injury. They clean away bacteria, debris, and secrete proinflammatory cytokines that activate fibroblasts and kertainocytes. (Yeng 2011) Days later, neutrophils are replaced by monocytes, and they dedifferentiate into microphages, which produce cytokines and growth factors needed for wound healing. (Gurtner et al. 2008; Yeng…

Hallucinogens are a chemical substance that causes hallucinations. Hallucinations, derived from Latin, álucinari, means to ‘wander in the mind.’ Hallucinations includes all sensory perceptions whether real or not. Psychedelics, Greek derived, translates to ‘soul and mind manifesting’ and are a class of hallucinogens that are useful tools in gaining understanding of how the brain, mind and body works. The study is complex and requires a broad and deep knowledge of the various mechanisms and…

Leory is a 70 year old man, presented to the clinic with severe confusion, increased impaired judgement, and increasing repetitiousness and inconsistencies in his usual behavior. His physical exam reveals an increased respiratory rate, slight fever and costovertebral angle tenderness on his right side. Acute pyelonephritis: Pyelonephritis is an acute urological condition that cause infection on one or both kidneys. It is a lower urinary tract infection that ascended to the pelvis of the kidney.…

One of the more abstract causes is exercise. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis usually only occurs after submaximal exercise for a relatively short duration [18]. In all people, exercise leads to an increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells and proinflammatory cytokines [17]. However, in healthy individuals cytokine inhibitors and anti-inflammatory cytokines are also released. It is thought that this, along with some sort of IgE response is linked to the onset…

All organisms, vertebrates and invertebrates, must have necessary nutrients to maintain life. In invertebrates, either a transport system or diffusion provides nutrients to the body. For vertebrates, a closed transport is used to transport blood away from the heart. Both of these scenarios are key to an organism 's health. Some invertebrates do not require a circulatory system. While these organisms do not require a circulatory system, they require certain nutrients to be readily available.…

There are multiple factors that contribute to the build-up of plaque in the vessels and in turn, the development of atherosclerosis (Silverthorn et al., 2009 p327). The disease attacks different arteries in the body, but the most harmful conditions involve damages to the vessels of the brain and the heart (Silverthorn et al., 2009 p329). Understanding of the structures and mechanisms that take place in the heart and the brain to allow for blood distribution is a critical component for anyone…

Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. The disease manifests as a wide range of neurological deficits including cognitive impairment, impaired coordination, visual disturbances, and extremity numbness (Weinshenker et al., 1989). MS affects approximately 400,000 people in the US and 2.5 million worldwide and it is the most common inflammatory neurological disease…

Monoblasts and phagocytes are the earliest recognizable cells of this family which after two or three cell divisions give rise to monocytes. Monocytes then enter blood circulation and migrate into the tissues where they mature into macrophages (Mosser, 2003). Tissue macrophages are spread throughout the body and designated by specific name depending on the site of tissue occupation. These…

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Jenae Matson WCCC Laurel/Spring 2015 Anatomy and Physiology 2 Matthew Sisak January 23, 2015 Background: Blood is the most important part of your entire body because nothing will function without blood. Blood is there carrier of most important proteins and gasses in your body. Blood has a major part in clotting, protection form unwanted pathogens, passage of oxygen to the body and blood also maintains a balance of fluids, temperature, pH balance and acidic…