Monocyte

Atherosclerosis is an underlying pathology that can lead to common cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, and acute myocardial infarction. It is also the leading cause of death in the United States.1 Atherosclerosis-related disease accumulated to 68% of deaths in the United States in the year 2010.1 Often, it remains undiagnosed and is only determined as an underlying cause when an individual has a dangerous episode of stroke or myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis…

Blood is composed of two elements which are plasma and formed elements. Blood plasma is the main component of blood occupying on average about 55% of the total blood volume. The main component of plasma is water making up to 92% of the volume of the plasma. Other components of the plasma are substances like proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, electrolytes, hormones cellular waste products and dissolved gasses. The formed elements part of the blood are composed of the cellular…

vitro; however its effects on osteoclast differentiation have not been demonstrated. In this study, CTXA was found to suppress RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in RAW 264.7 cell lines and mouse bone marrow monocytes (BMMs). CTXA significantly inhibited the JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway without affecting ERK and p38 signaling in RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and BMMs. Moreover, it inhibited RANKL-induced expression of…

Response to Dr Foreman’s questions a. Discuss the nociceptive mechanisms, including the postsynaptic receptors of the spinal neurons, transmitters, pathways and nuclei that are activated when the injury occurs. Also include in your answer the explanation for the sharp pain and the long lasting pain that you experience with this injury. Nociceptors are specialized peripheral sensory neurons that are activated by noxious stimuli. These nociceptors are the free nerve endings of primary sensory…

Section 1: Dr. E. Angela Murphy (Exercise, Nutrition and Immunity) Dr. Murphy’s current research focuses on 1) understanding how exercise stress affects immune functions and 2) understanding whether the use of proper nutrition can ameliorate the immune suppression caused by exercise stress. The overall goal of Dr. Murphy’s lecture was for students to gain an understanding of how exercise stress affects immune function, the mechanisms for these effects, and the benefits of proper nutrition on…

CELLS The immune system is a complex network of cells and chemicals. It's mission is to protect us against foreign organisms and substances. The cells in the immune system have the ability to recognize something as either "self" or "invader" and they try to get rid of anything that is an invader many different kind of cells , and hundreds of different chemicals , must be coordinated for the immune system to function smoothly. Recent scientific advances in human stem cell research have…

Specific Aim1: Investigation of in situ NK cell and neutrophil responses during MmuPV1 infection and tumor development Rationale: Innate immune cells including NK cells, monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and DCs play a crucial role during the early phase of the viral infection (36, 40, 62). We hypothesize that differential disease outcomes are associated with local immune cell populations and their activity. Neutrophils are the first and most abundant cell population that reaches sites of…

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. To fight diseases our bodies produce antibodies, but in an SLE patient’s case, their body will produce what’s called ‘autoantibodies’. This means their immune system cannot tell the difference between foreign invaders and healthy cells. These autoantibodies cause the symptoms of the disease. Lupus can affect the skin, joints,…

Using infliximab to treat Crohn’s disease Introduction Crohn’s disease is a type of IBD that causes inflammation in any part gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. In response to this inflammation, the body’s immune system attacks the GI tract (Dessein, 2008). The progression of this chronic inflammatory disease is brought about by the action of several cellular processes and pro-inflammatory mediators (Poggioli, 2007). Because there is no single factor that can be targeted to…

(Oussalah, Caillet, Saucier, & Lacroix, 2007). In general, Listeria infection causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract or meningitis (Abuaita & O’Riordan, 2014). In healthy people Listeria tends to be self-limiting since macrophages and monocytes quickly eradicate it (Bortolussi, 2008). Listeriosis has high fatality rates and may cause septicemia, meningitis, or, in rare cases, pleuritis in immunocompromised patients; people undergoing cancer treatment, organ-transplant recipients,…