Monoclonal antibodies

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease or autoimmune disorder which affects the central nervous system of an individual; the brain and spinal cord. Though not much is known of the cause of MS, researchers believe that Multiple Sclerosis causes the body’s immune system to attack the myelin sheath. The myelin sheaths are an insulating coating around the nerve cells, consisting of a mixture of proteins and phospholipids, which help to increase the speed at which nerve impulses are conducted. As the…

Infections that causes lymphoma indirectly by the immune system that is over stimulating include: •hepatitis C virus (HCV), which people with marginal zone lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma develop. •Helicobacter pylori, this is a bacteria that causes stomach ulcers and inflammation and this is found in people with gastric MALT lymphoma. •Chlamydia psittaci, this is linked with people who have MALT lymphoma in the tear gland and around the eye. •Campylobacter jejuni, this is…

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA…

They are used as alternative, but not preferred, medication for patients requiring step 2 care. They also can be used as preventive treatment before exercise or unavoidable exposure to known allergens. 3- Immunomodulators as Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that prevents binding of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) to the high-affinity receptors on basophils and mast cells. 4-Leukotriene modifiers Interfere with the pathway of leukotriene mediators, which are released from mast cells, eosinophils, and…

years, who have received induction chemotherapy previously and achieved a minimum of a partial response, followed by myeloblative therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. • Mechanism of action drug substance: dinutuximab is a monoclonal chimeric antibody. Dinutuximab reacts specifically with the ganglioside GD2. On the surface of neuroblastoma cells GD2 is highly expressed whereas GD2 is sparsely expressed on the surface of normal human neurons, skin melanocytes and peripheral pain…

deadly to a human. "Vioxx, a drug used to treat arthritis, was found to be safe when tested in monkeys, but has been estimated to have caused around 320,000 heart attacks and strokes and 140,000 deaths worldwide. Human volunteers testing a new monoclonal antibody treatment at Northwick Park Hospital, the UK in 2006 suffered a severe allergic reaction and nearly died. Testing in monkeys at 500 times the dose given to the volunteers totally failed to predict the dangerous side effects"…

1. What is the most likely diagnosis of the underlying disease in this patient (5 marks)? Follicular Lymphoma. 2. Describe the process of autologous transplantation for the treatment of this patient’s disease. (5 marks). Stem cells are removed from patient and stored in a freezer. Patient will then receive high dose chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy to get rid of circulating tumor cells in the blood. The removed stem cells are transfused, replacing the destroyed tissue and…

Adaptive Design The pharmaceutical drug manufacturers are moving towards adaptive design in a clinical trial as per the U.S.FDA guidance. The adaptive trial design gives greater benefit compare to the traditional drug trial design for the success of the new drug approval from the pipeline to the patients. The meaning of to accept adaptive trial design is to make clinical trial more efficient by allowing changes in the clinical trials. Adaptive trial design allows researchers modification in the…

animals and also plants. All of this can be done in genetic engineering and cloning technology precisely. As highlighted by (Giassetti* et al, 2013), “genetic engineering is widely used at various branches of medicine to produce vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, animals that can be used as models for diseases or to be used as organ donors”. Through genetic engineering, cloning technology can develop the medical field which many various type of medicine can be produced in order to cure various…

Ms. M is a 27-year-old women who recently moved from her hometown Minneapolis, Minnesota to Salt Lake City, Utah for a job offer. She lives alone and works as an English teacher at the East High School in Salt Lake City since the beginning of the school year after her graduation last summer. Since it is the first time she has her own classes, it is sometimes quite stressful for her even if she likes her job. The past few years, she reported numerous neurological complaints which came and went…