Monoclonal antibodies

Rejection cannot be completely prevented; however, a degree of immune tolerance to the transplant does develop. Several concepts have been postulated to explain the development of partial tolerance. They include clonal deletion and the development of anergy in donor specific lymphocytes, development of suppressor lymphocytes, or factors that down-regulate the immune response against the graft. Other hypotheses include the persistence of donor-derived dendritic cells in the recipient that promote…

The job of the human body’s immune system is to fight against infection by detecting and destroying foreign bacteria and viruses, usually to much success. However, the immune system isn’t perfect, and can make mistakes. Sometimes, the immune system confuses a friendly part of the body for a pathogen, and begins attacking its own cells (Petrov, 2011). When these events occur, the body has contracted what is known as an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders have been rapidly growing problems…

The primary inflammatory cytokines: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine which is produced by macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, keratinocytes and tumor cells [13]. It is produced during early inflammatory response. It mediates the production of other cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules [14]. It also increases vascular permeability, which leads to migration of activated immune cells to the site of infection [15,16]. TNF…

Inflammation is one the common and irritating responses that occurs automatically in the body as a means of bringing the body to homeostasis. No matter how negative the response is connoted by a person it is actually a positive feedback used by the body when there is an invasion. Inflammatory responses can be local or systemic, but the later could end up being a fatal one if not taken care of. As an innate response, when the skin barrier is breached or there is an inhalation of histamine or…

then mount a defense against distinct invaders and their products (Bauman 2013). Adaptive immunity has five distinctive attributes: specificity, inducibility, clonality, unresponsiveness to self, and memory. Also it as two components antibodies and T-cells, Antibodies are proteins that are produced by B-cells, circulating in the blood and binding to antigens (substances that produce specific immune responses) on infectious agents. This interaction can result in direct inactivation of the…

The full name of EHBP1 is "EH domain binding protein 1." The symbol for the gene is EHBP1. Other names for the EHBP1 gene are HPC12, NASCIN, and KIAA0903. EH Domain Binding Protein 1 is a protein coding gene. This gene codes for an Eps15 homology domain binding protein. Its protein type is a vesicle. The encoded protein may play a role in endocytic trafficking. It is associated with prostate cancer. This gene is commonly found within the cytosol and the plasma membrane of a cell. It's size is…

The immune system is the primary and essential protective mechanism against different organisms. Aflatoxin B1, a secondary metabolite of fungi, impairs the immune system. However, the mechanisms responsible for the immunomodulating effects of aflatoxin B1 have not been clearly determined. Numerous studies reported that aflatoxin B1 exerts its toxicity on the immune system by different mechanisms. Inhibition of the aforementioned synthesis might directly or indirectly cause prevention of…

intolerance is not an allergy, and the skin tests for allergies will not show it. There are blood tests for celiac/gluten intolerance, but there can still be some false negatives. Therefore, it’s usually followed up with stool antibody testing to see if your are throwing gluten antibodies unto your stool. • IgE or Cell-Mediated Test: Another way to test for a gluten allergy include an IgE or cell-mediated test, which times reactions to various allergens or skin tests. A blood test, along with a…

malfunctioning immune system is high. These drugs are designed to reduce the activity of the immune system in its entirety, suppressing the lymphocytes so that the body is forced to stop attacking its own tissues. This will result in fewer autoantigen-antibody complexes, lessening the buildup of these immune complexes in the body’s tissues. Thus, there will be less inflammation and less damage to vital organs and…

Approximately seven and a half million Americans have psoriasis. For the past twenty years, scientists have been unable to find a single gene directly linked to psoriasis. Researchers from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified the first gene directly linked to plaque psoriasis (Arbanas, 2012). Plaque psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by dry, raised red patches covered with white flaky scales that can be itchy and painful. These patches typically…