Monasticism

And France was the pioneer in monasticism. Two new orders were borned in the 12th century: the Carthusians (Chartreuse) and the Cistercians (Citeaux). Schools were also attached to monasteries. In 1231, Sorbonne became an independent university by the license given by Pope Gregory IX. France…

The Pail canon I always founded that the Buddhism story is very interested and inspirational. The story about the the parable of the person with the arrow points out that when asking a question, we shouldn’t just look into detail but a big picture. Otherwise we could lost the essential meaning of escaping from suffering. My uncle once tells me that we human shouldn’t have any annoyance or irritability of everything, because thats all about attachment to something, and lead to bad karma.…

The union with England, under the Laws of Wales Acts of 1536 and 1543, did bring about some positive changes in Wales but the benefit of these changes has so often been exaggerated by historians, who have failed to properly address the shortcomings of the changes and the effect of changes on society as a whole and not just on the rising gentry class. For example many historians, like Peter Roberts, have emphasised the positive political impacts that the union achieved for Wales, such as the…

Abstract In the following paper, Bernard’s Systems approach has been used to analyze one of the most extensive and influential co-operative social organisations in the world- The Ramakrishna Math and Mission. The paper looks at the various aspects of the organization’s administration through the prism of Bernard’s administrative theory and paints a comparative analysis between the theory and the organization’s working mechanism. INTRODUCTION: Chester Irving Bernard, from belonging to a lower…

Sufism is recognised as and can be referred to as Tasawwuf in islam. Sufism in the Muslim world first came around between the 8th and 9th centuries C.E. The people that follow Sufism are labelled Sufis and their aim is to pursue in finding the truth, they do this by having experiences with Allah. The main objective of the Sufi people is to be united with Allah in the next life e.g. heaven hence the reason why Sufism has established several spiritual performs that are focused on severe restraint…

Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity is an over-arching study of Christianity beginning with the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70. It is organized around fourteen points considered by author Mark Noll to be the most critical to the formation of Christianity as we know it. This book serves those who are researching the topic in an academic manner or who wish to have a survey of Christian history in totality. This book is not for some who have a casual interest in the growth…

Beginning in the early 16th century, a rise against the Catholic Church ensued as many influential Christian leaders began to teach against Catholic beliefs. In Germany specifically, a Reformation began in rebellion against the corruption and abuse of the Papacy. The Reformation opposed the catholic practices of collecting debts and the importance that they placed on Saints and icons. Martin Luther, the pivotal leader for the Reformation in Germany, expressed a need for rehabilitation within the…

Protestant Reformation occurred during conflict between nation-states in Europe •First in imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland •Deep social and political divisions •Certain groups favored the reformation - like printers who were literate POPULAR RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND CRITICISM OF THE CHURCH •The reformation could not have happened without the numerous conflicts that had risen within the church during the Renaissance. •Diet of Worms (Germany) presented the emperor with 102 oppressive…