Molecule

Calpain has been shown as a very prevalent protein found in a variety of organisms. There are a variety of different calpain proteins that have been discovered, each serving a different function [4]. Recent studies have indicated a correlation between the amount of calpain present and the loss of visual function due to various ocular degenerative diseases [2]. This study will be focusing on the adverse effects of calpain on the retina of mice, and how they differ from the norm. The eye is one of…

outer. The two hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen and the oxygen atoms shares back one electron to each of the hydrogen atoms. This allows the two hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom to have full outer shell. The structure of a water molecule is…

of BL begins in the vitelline sac, proceeds during fetal growth within the liver and is completed in the bone marrow. The B lymphocytes involved in antigen recognition are membrane immunoglobulins (Ig), which are IgM and IgD. The immunoglobulin molecules have linkage…

having an average percentage change of -30.48%. This decrease in the average percentage change is mass is due to the fact that as the concentration of sucrose solution increases, the water potential of the solution decreases so that more water molecules move into the sucrose solution from the potato cells by exosmosis. These results show different water potentials at 0% change in mass than in the preliminary experiment because the potato used is a different potato to the preliminary.…

methylphenylalanine and four D-amino acids that involves in inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan. According to Ling et al’s paper, teixobactin has a unique mode of mechanism from the existing antibiotics where it targets multiple target sides which are lipid molecules on peptidoglycan and also teichoic acids that used by bacteria in cell wall synthesis. Teixobactin will form a stoichiometric complex by binding to a highly conserved motif of…

dramatic changes in host cell membrane and cytoskeleton (Frankel and Phillips, 2008). The EHEC induced AE lesions were caused due to activation of calpains via contact-dependent, type III secretion system (T3SS)-mediated injections of effectors molecules into the host cells (Lai et al., 2011). Activation of calpains causes cleavage of ezrin protein, which has been observed during cell spreading and migration (Lai et al., 2011). However enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) causing diarrhoea also seems…

vapor form in the atmosphere. While density of solidified form of any compound is more than its liquid state, density of water is maximum i.e. 1.0kg/m3 at 4°C, and it is less than 1 for ice at 0°C. During phase change from liquid to solid water molecules arrange themselves in an orderly fashion that increases volume and decreases density (Pidwerny, 2014). This peculiar property enables ice to float on water. Density of water at different temperatures is listed in table…

Muscle fatigue is the decline in physical ability to generate force. This can be caused by vigorous exercise over an extended period of time. The muscles need to have maximum voluntary action to perform actions. Muscle fatigue is when the muscle activity exceeds the tissue substrate and oxygenation capacity. (Biology-online.org, 2009) caused by persistent actions or the repeated action over a long period of time. There are two main energy systems within the body. A system with oxygen used,…

Are you feeling really grumpy in the morning times before you consume your coffee? Are you not able to concentrate before you take your first sip? Or can you not bear the thought of not having your coffee for at least one day? These are all signs of a coffee addiction. “A study published in the Journal of Caffeine Research in 2013 coauthored by Laura Juliano, Ph.D., a psychology professor at American University in Washington, D.C, "indicates that more people are dependent on caffeine to the…

is sitting on top of the water?” he replied, “Because It’s comfortable”. Due to this answer, I explained what molecules are and what density is. After this explanation, he was able to explain, “The oil is less dense because it floats.” I then asked, “Why isn’t the oil and water mixing?” he replied, “Because the water is protecting the animals from the bad oil” I reminded him what a molecule is but he was…