Molecular mass

to dissolve the formazan dye. The optical density was then read at 560 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) to determine the cell viability. Measurement of NO production…

GMO Labeling- The Argument against Labeling The labeling of Genetically Modified Organism is nearly as controversial as GMO’s themselves. Well-intentioned consumer groups have lobbied to have GMO products labeled to protect consumers. These groups argue that GMO’s may have the potential to be dangerous and should be labeled. Those that advise against labeling, industry, academics, and regulatory bodies sight the complexities and cost of labels that do not improve safety. Mankind has been…

perceive and transmit signals that cause the cell to react to changes. The set of all genes of an organism is called genotype. In all the cells of the same organism genotype is the same. Genetic engineering is the complex of technology which using molecular biological methods allow changing the structure of the genes and introducing foreign genes with the specified functions into the organism. However, the organism is transferred only…

3.4 DISCUSSIONS 3.4.1 Phenotypic characterization Accurate description of cowpea genotypes is crucial towards making a decision to release a variety as well as conservation of germplasm. The identities of 38 cowpea genotypes were established by using morphological characteristics described as cowpea descriptors (Makanur et al., 2013). Both quantitative and qualitative parameters considered in the current work showed variations among the 38 cowpea genotypes. Variation in growth habit was evident…

Results Primer design and LAMP reaction Among 40 different primers (OPA 1-20 & OPB 1-20 series) screened by RAPD PCR for differentiating the Mycosphaerella eumusae from other leaf spot causing fungal pathogens in banana, only the primer OPB 10 has generated a unique amplicon specific to M. eumusae at 1300 bp size. A total of nine different sets of LAMP primers were designed based on this specific SCAR derived RAPD marker sequence of M. eumusae and screened for the production of LAMP products…

3.4 Case Studies 3.4.1 Biofuel from GM Macro algae Hydrocarbon biofuels are produced by genetically modified seaweed which are obtained by inserting genes from high hydrocarbon producing micro algae into high growth seaweed species. Botryococcus braunii (BB) a green micro algae that produces large amounts of aliphatic hydrocarbon molecules is used as a source for genetic material. The genes that produce hydrocarbon in BB are identified, removed, cloned and subsequently inserted into high…

3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Agarose Particles By microscopy observation, both ABT and CSS were activated by the Mix&GoTM solution with significant colour change on the particle surface. Seen from Figure 3-1 and 3-2, a dark green layer was formed outside the particle after treating with Mix&GoTM. By visual observation, the agarose particles turned from colourless to green, which supported the microscopy observation. The activated particles were also sent for zeta potential measurement and…

Introduction Biotechnology has been providing the world with a large variety of options as to how we can use commercial land as well as agriculture. It has allowed people to exchange genetic materials among living organisms. In this research task I have researched the definition of genetic engineering as well has genetically modified crops and I have stated the advantages and disadvantages of GM crops. Ethical issues as well as various types of GM crops will be discussed. Definitions: Genetic…

The human genome is composed of millions of molecules of DNA perfectly packaged into 23 chromosomes. Each human is the result of a combination of the same four nucleotides, yet every single one is unique. Perhaps, this is due to the slight variation in each human’s DNA, or maybe the explanation lies in a person’s upbringing. The purpose of studying human development is to understand why people change by applying the scientific method to existing theories, which provide the basis for…

Alex and Me is a book written by Irene M. Pepperberg, a scientist who mainly focusses on animal behavior, animal cognition, and comparative psychology. Pepperberg was born on April 1, 1949 in Brooklyn, New York. She received her M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University and her B.S. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After this, she became a psychology professor at Brandeis University, where she also became involved in wildlife conservation. Alex and Me is about a parrot who becomes very…