Molecular mass

CRISPR is a technique that made genomic editing significantly easier. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) is a RNA-guided nuclease for precise genome editing in diverse organisms. In 1987, when scientists were studying the bacteria's immune system, they discovered a pattern of short, repeating, palindromic DNA sequences separated by short, non-repeating, "spacer" DNA sequences (Figure 1). How CRISPR/Cas works in bacteria: As…

I began my undergraduate research career at the end of my freshman year, under Dr. Chase at Northwest Nazarene University. Inspired by the work done on the Human Microbiome Project, this endeavor sought to predict bacterial behavior using its DNA sequence. As this project was in its infancy, most of my research was focused into generating a workflow that could be used for this process, and scouring through literature for examples of laboratories that had done the same. This bioinformatics…

Just recently, scientists have found a way to spin synthetic spider silk, like Batman does. These Swedish scientists are Anna Rising and Jan Johansson. The two biochemists came together to study the natural ability that spiders undergo. The spider silk protein is similar to a lengthy chain, containing three parts. The longest part of the protein has pieces that repeat themselves. Randy Lewis, a biochemist, explains the long part of the protein as “stacked Lego blocks connected by springs. The…

Current molecular biology is being done by analyzing damaged DNA and by applying RNA techniques to forensics. Research is now being done with establishing useful markers on the Y chromosome. These markers on the Y chromosome would be especially helpful in sexual assault…

Name: Maryam Sadiqa Group Members: Oralia Reyes Anny Then Anthony Mayers Date of lab performed: 06/4/16 Date of submission: 06/23/16 Lab Name: Genes in Human Population lab Page number: 57-66 Purpose of the lab: The purpose of this lab was to work with a partner and identify your partners and as well as your own phenotype and genotype. We did that by deeply observing our bodies and then determining whether we have the following traits. PTC, Darwin’s ear point, ear lobe attachment,…

Retinitis Pigmentosa is an inherited retinal disease with progressive degeneration of the photoreceptors, leading sometimes to blindness, it is well characterized by its heterogeneous genetics. The first signs can be observed in adolescence or early adulthood including night blindness and progressive loss of peripheral vision in daylight, eventually concluding in severe visual impairment, may be inherited as X-linked, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive. Many genes had been involved with…

gene evolved in such a manner that it is the genetic basis of the evolutionary development of language neural circuitry. As discussed earlier, downstream targets of the transcription factor were identified, but there were only suggestions for the molecular pathways that were up and down regulated. Further analysis using comparison of the expression in FOXP2 to FOXP2chimp found specific accelerated highly conserved non-coding sequences in the human version and used whole-genome micro arrays to…

In week one Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify RTKs that were derived from thoroughly smashing five fruit flies and was combined with 1 ml Buffer A (630 ul ddH2O, 100ul 1M Tris/Hcl pH7.6, 200 µl 0.5M EDTA, 20 µl 5M NaCl, and 50 µl 10% SDS), then incubated for 15 minutes at 65˚C so that as much DNA could be secluded as possible. 200 ul of KAc/LiCl working solution, 1 part 5M KAc (potassium acetate) and 2.5 parts 6M LiCL (lithium chloride), mixed and chilled for a full 10 minutes.…

Edgar Huichapa DNA Mapping Lab 4-29-15 Analysis of Plasmid DNA by DNA Mapping Introduction Restriction mapping is the process of obtaining structural information on a piece of DNA by the use of restriction enzymes (Restriction). Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, are naturally occurring enzymes used in labs today to cut DNA into smaller, more manageable fragments (Bougher). Restriction enzymes are used to cut plasmids which are small DNA molecules that can replicate…

An article in the Smithsonian describes how scientists in a Chinese genomics institute used a common gene editing enzyme called TALENs to create micropigs, which weigh about 33 pounds at maturity. These micropigs were first created to study the human stomach bacteria and new medications, which can help answer questions about the human body itself. By using an enzyme to stop the pigs from growing, the researchers altered their DNA, which would then be passed down to their offspring. This is…