Molecular mass

4.1 Maintenance and sub-culturing of endophytic fungi The cultures were procured from already maintained repository in laboratory. The maintenance of the cultures involved preparation of Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, sub culturing of cultures and long term preservation. 4.1.1 Preparation of PDA (Potato dextrose agar) plates 39g of PDA was dissolved in 1000 ml double distilled water, stirred to mix properly and was transferred into 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and autoclaved at 121˚C at 15…

E. coli Genomic DNA Isolation and Quantitation Introduction In this experiment, the genomic DNA of E. coli cells were isolated, purified, and quantified. To achieve this, E. coli cells were lysed, purified from impurities and Methods E. coli cells were first centrifuged in order to separate the cell pellet from the supernatant. Cell pellets were resuspended in saline-EDTA, which weakens bacterial membranes and chelates metal ions. Since E. coli has three layers (outer membrane,…

1.5. Enzyme-Polysaccharide Interactions Proteins and enzymes have become an integral part of many industrial processes as well as being applied both in cosmetics and in therapeutics. Due to advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering, mass production of protein and enzymes has become feasible. Use of enzymes is environmentally friendly as they catalyse reactions under mild conditions against polluting inorganic catalysts which works in the extremes of pH and temperature. However, this can…

solution is added to the cup and the amount added should be equal to the volume of the sample mixture, however once the DNA started to precipitate in the solution I stopped adding the ethanol. The DNA should be visible as a transparent white floating mass within the solution and it can be observed, removed, touched and…

viscosity to decrease, so the fluid gets "thinner" (this is present in non-drip paints). There are many types of non-Newtonian fluids, as they are defined to be something that fails to obey a specific (particular) property i.e., most fluids with long molecular chains can react in a non-Newtonian way. The constant of proportionality between the velocity gradient and the viscous stress tensor is known as the…

Austin Davis Cell Transport Permeability and Mechanisms Biology 2101-009 Derek Draper 11/24/16 Introduction The smallest functional unit of life is the definition of a cell. Smaller than the cell are the chemical processes that allow the cell to live. While cell have many different functions, the most basic is making proteins which produces energy by the devouring of glucose. The most interesting part of the cell, because of its complexity, would have to be the plasma membrane. Not…

genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genetic engineering has applications in medicine, research, industry and agriculture and can be used on a wide…

A lot of people don’t even know what GMO’s are? Either they don’t care to know, or just too naive to figure out exactly what GMO’s are. I believe GMO’s are bad for humans, unless you’re sick which I’m not, I see GMO’s as a bad thing. GMO’s or “genetically modified organisms” these could range from animals to plants that have been genetically altered with DNA from plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses. The American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM) advises medical physician’s to…

Plasmid Interference in Regulation of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, commonly colonizes patients with cystic fibrosis (1) and contributes to a sizeable proportion of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections (2). Acute P. aeruginosa infections are characterized by the expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) comprised of a needle-like apparatus used to inject exoenzymes into neighboring cells (1, 3). These…

The first time I learned about structural biology was when I took Comprehensive Biochemistry I during my senior year at University of Maryland, Baltimore County. What was intriguing was how quickly I learned the concepts, and how easy it was for me to see conformational changes in three-dimensional space. I have always been a visual-oriented person, and until senior year of college I found that it was hard to find areas of research in biochemistry that utilize a person’s ability to analyze…