Molecular biology

negativemen loads, when placed in a constant electric field will then migrate through the gel towards the anode. The speed of movement of the fragments through the gel mesh will therefore vary depending on the concetration in agarose gel, but also the molecular weight (number of base pairs) of each fragment. The agarose gels allowing separation of framents whose size is between 0.5 and 20 Kb. Ten microliters of amplification product are added 5 microliters of hare buffer (0.25% bromophenol blue,…

Gene traps are the plasmid or retrovirus-based vectors having a reporter gene that is only expressed when integrated in a functional gene. They were originally developed for the study of insertional mutagenesis in mouse. The gene traps were used to identify and characterize genes which were regulated by exogenous stimuli or during development process. The gene trap is a process which makes it possible to identify genes that gives rise to phenotypic effects when they are switched off, and also…

Objectives: In the present study we made an attempt to evaluate the association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1(PAI-1)4G/5G polymorphism with oxidative stress markers Malondialdehyde (MDA) and High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinolysis marker PAI-1and lipid profiles. Subject and Methods: Blood was drawn and DNA extracted from 90 subjects (46 cases and 44 controls). The 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 was amplified using specific primers. Amplified products were visualized by…

The purpose of this experiment was to see if either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee affected a plant’s overall health. Its health is determined by the plat’s height over the course of thirty days, the plants’’ mass on the thirtieth day, and its chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentration. The majority of the world has become acquainted with the well known stimulant caffeine. Not much is known about any effect caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee may have on plants The fast plants were…

During this lab, my main goal was to discover exactly how much phosphorus (or phosphate) is in the composition of plant food, or in the case of the Guided Inquiry portion of the lab, in two different brands of plant food. If I put it in the most concise way possible, to do this, I carried out quite a few processes that caused the components of the plant food to separate from each other. Basically, I got the phosphorus, along with some other substances, to form as a precipitate. Next, through a…

Biology 15 Lab # 4 Professor Passerini September 23, 2015 Scot Albert Lab #4 Questions 1a,b,c, 2, 3a,b,c, 4, 5a,b,c, 7, 11c, d, e, 12a,b ---------------------------------------------------------- 1- a-They are found primarily in the thylakoid membranes. b-No. Cyanobacteria do not have distinct nuclei. c-Gloeocapsa ------------------------------------------------------ 2-They were much smaller by comparison. ------------------------------------------------------- 3- a-I think we…

The purpose of this lab experiment is to extract chromatin from an animal liver and strawberries. Unlike humans whom are diploid organisms with two sets of each chromosome, one from the mother and the other from the father, strawberries like most fruits are polyploidy, consisting of more than two copies of the same gene. Strawberries are octoploid that have eight copies of each gene, making it an ideal fruit for DNA extraction. Frozen strawberries are ideal because the ice in the intracellular…

Assignment 3.05 DNA DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the stuff in humans and almost all other organisms. About every cell in you and everyone else's body has the same DNA. DNA is usually located in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA),however small amounts of DNA can be found in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The DNA has information stored as a code created by four chemical bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Each base is connected to a sugar molecule and…

The hypothesis of the experiment was that the molecular weight of N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase would be around 28,000 kDa but to determine the molecular weight the concept of SDS-PAGE had to be understood. The movement of any charged particle through an electric field is determined by its net charge, its molecular radius and the magnitude of the applied field (7). Being that natively folded proteins are not molecular weight dependent, the proteins would be traveling at different speeds in an…

The first step in phage infection is the attachment of the phage to the host cell surface. This is typically accomplished by the recognition of a receptor on the outside of the bacterial cell wall such as an antigen, pilus or other structure. There is much variability from phage to phage in terms of which receptor they bind to. Bacteriophage can generally be classified into two categories, lysogenic and lytic (virulent) (Fig 6). The choice between the lytic and lysogenic cycle depends on the…