Molecular biology

The sunflower seeds of 500 mg served as the pre-treatment for treatment group 2 group with five (5) rats and 1000 mg for treatment group 3 with five (5) rats while the control group with 5 rats did not undergo pre-treatment of sunflower seeds. The pre-treatment of sunflower seeds was given orally to the rats; treatment group 2 was given 500 mg of sunflower seeds orally to each rat while treatment group 3 was given 1000mg of sunflower seeds orally to each rat. The rats were trained to eat the…

Microbiology Conjunction Conjugation is the course by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct interaction. It can be defined as the direct transfer of DNA form one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell. The donor is F+ and the recipient is F-. they are attached through a conjugal bridge. The pilus then attractions the two separate bacteria together. Now, the donor bacterium transfers genetic material to the recipient bacterium. During the process of…

The molecular ruler, as seen in Figure 1, did not produce bands that were as bold as the bands produce by the PCR products. This most likely occurred due to the sample not being loaded correctly into the sample well. Some of the contents may have diffused out…

Question 1: a) A: Promoter B: Splice site C: 5’ UTR D: Start codon E: Stop codon F: 3’ UTR b) The sum of the exons and introns (all in kilobases) (1.2+8+0.7+27+0.4+11+3.1) = 51.4 kb. c) The sum of the exons (all in kilobases) (1.2+0.7+0.4+3.1) = 5.4 kb. d) RNA Protein Truncation mutation in exon 2 Same length, same amount of RNA produced. Shorter in length (due to earlier stop codon), same amount of protein produced, usually changes the protein to non-functional, though not always. 3bp in…

To examine the DNA, a gel electrophoresis test needs to be run. The first step of gel electrophoresis is to set the gel, which is made of agarose. Agarose is used to separate DNA molecules, and acrylamide is used to separate proteins. The gel starts off as a liquid, which is poured into a molding tray and after it sets, it will turn into a solid. Next .all of the DNA needs to be collected and copied with a Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR, which is vital to the success of the gel process because…

XAL2, a MADS-box gene, studied by Pérez-Ruiz et al. (2015), is preferentially expressed in the roots, with less expression in the rosette leaf, stem, and cauline leaf. It is not present during the vegetative meristem stage; as XAL2 expression appears initially in the inflorescence. Following the inflorescence meristem stage into floral meristem stage, XAL2 expression increases significantly in order to regulate floral transition. Although XAL2 was found to have higher expression in the roots,…

The nitrogen containing BP, Zoledronic acid, is one of the most commonly implicated drugs in BRONJ cases due to its higher potency and multimodal effect on bone remodeling and oral mucosa. 20-22 ZA induced BRONJ models are known to show classical BRONJ lesions with macroscopic features of bone necrosis, soft tissue inflammation and sequestration in various animal models, ranging from rats to large animal models like sheep. 16,17,23 However, the exposure of bone to the oral environment, either…

Title: Which Antibiotics Kill the Most Bacteria? Caroline Gorman April 2, 2016 HB bl. 6 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to determine which of five common antibiotics would kill the Rhodococcus rhodochrous bacteria. Hypothesis: Out of the five tested antibiotics, doxycycline will kill the most Rhodococcus rhodochrous because it is generally used to treat mild infections. This will be tested by spreading the bacteria on agar in a Petri dish and adding a small amount of each antibiotic…

Forensic odontology is an investigative aspect of dentistry that analyzes dental evidence for human identification.1 Human identification has always been of great importance in the society. The role of a forensic odontologist is not only in identifying dead remains but also deals with cases such as criminal investigations, mass insurance settlements, military proceeding,2 identification of bite marks, age estimation and as a an expert witness in legal cases. Teeth being the most durable…

The purpose of this experiment is to examine the extraction of the DNA material that was extracted from the Chromosomal DNA from E coli in laboratory 9. DNase is used to help extract the Sugar phosphate backbone of the DNA. DNase should only cleave DNA not RNA but DNase can classify contaminated RNA from chromosomal DNA. Methods A. preparation :E. coli was used to extract the DNA as instructed in laboratory 9 to use in the experiment on analyzing in this experiment. There was 500 μL of the…