Molecular beam epitaxy

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is identifying an individual using there DNA. This is often used for identifying criminals, and parental testing. First, a sample must be provided, which can be: blood, semen, hair roots, or saliva. The cells from the sample are then split open, and DNA is separated from the rest of the cell. The DNA is then treated with specialized proteins (restriction enzymes),which separate the DNA into smaller parts. The fragments of DNA are then applied to a…

Water is the best aid in attaining large, beautiful, and firm breasts. This was a major secret of the ancient Greek beauty queens. And some historical records reveal their simple recipe: dipping the breasts in cold water for five minutes every night. Nowadays, it is scientifically proven that cold water and repeated hot-icy showers are a must for the breast beauty and health. However, professionals claim that a hot water bath also has good effects on the size of breasts. Due to the excessive…

Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA is used to seperate mixtures of protein and nucleic acid fragments. Molecules tend to differ in size, charge, and mobility. The objective of this procedure is to predict the distance of DNA migrating towards the positive electrode in the electrophoresis chamber. Many scientists use agarose gel electrophoresis to examine the DNA of criminal suspects. The first step in this procedure is to prepare a buffer containing 1% of the liquid agarose gel. Once the gel…

Our clade is the group of organisms to which we belong that have evolved from a common ancestor. In human terms, we can all trace our beginnings back to the first Homo erectus. A more recent common ancestry is our membership in the descendants of that hardy bunch that first left Africa and could be called "modern humans." Since that time, we have developed many superficial characteristics and mentalities that have been used to divide us. All the different ways we use to classify "the other."…

experiments on white blood cells showed that the nuclein dissolved in weak alkalies but not in water and acids. Later studies demonstrated that all living organisms have DNA and that any kinds of cell such as hair, skin, or plant cells all have DNA. Plenty of research and experimentation went into solving the structure of DNA and the invention of paper chromatography allowed Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) to make a contribution in establishing the structure of DNA and how it transmitted genetic…

The Book of Life Worksheet Please submit your assignment as a .pdf file. This ensures that it is readable on every computer. Please also put your last name in your save file (i.e. ChewBookofLife.pdf) 1. What organisms are believed to be the oldest organisms on Earth? Archaea (oldest!) and Bacteria. 2. What do you think are the implications of studying these organisms in comparison to human DNA? What knowledge might we gain about ourselves from them? There are many genes that are similar…

CRISPR, a revolutionary idea, a project that can help humanity or damage it. The DNA that is known as CRISPR-cas9 has been said to do incredible things, but also horrible things. Another problem is that in this world today who owns the patent, who can truly say that this was their discovery, and what does CRISPR really do? Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR for short, are segments of DNA that contain short, repeating sequences. The repetitions are then followed by…

Technical course curriculum knowledge from my graduate and undergraduate programs came in handy for my professional internship, directed studies and my current Student Assistant job at A&M. First semester’s Molecular Biology course revised most of the cell biology concepts that I learned from my undergraduate studies and gave insights into advanced cell biology. To complement our understanding, we were assigned to read high impact scientific journal articles as a daily class assignments. Having…

Upon completion of the PCR, the final product should be highly concentrated DNA corresponding to the gene of interest. We ran our gene of interest on gel electrophoresis to compare our gene of interest to a marker of known size to confirm the size of our genomic DNA. On the image of the gel (figure 1), the sample containing the DNA ran, but the sample containing the DNA ladder did not. As a result, an appropriate determination of the sizes cannot be made because there is no ladder to compare it…

In order to “stack” the DNA together, scientists use what is known as a primer. The primer’s basic function is to gather like strands of DNA together, stacking them, making it easier to see the DNA sequence or amplify the sequence. In the early days of DNA testing, primers had to be designed for individual species and even subspecies within a family of organisms. For example, primers were developed for humans, bears, dogs, cats, pigs, cattle, etc. If you were trying to identify unknown DNA you…