Mitral valve

Data regarding the cardiovascular system of older adults is slightly limited, due to the fact that older people are usually not included in clinical trials. However, enough research has been done to identify common physiological changes in the geriatric cardiovascular system, such as: increased heart weight; decreased number of myocardial cells with enlargement of remaining cells; increased left ventricle wall thickness; increased arterial stiffness; increased elastin levels; increased collagen…

The Three Greatest Advances in Health Care Science Modern, effective healthcare practices have come about because of decades of scientific advances and innovations shown in clinical trials and other studies to prevent, cure, or alleviate human disease (House of Lords, 2009). The advances have provided nations with access to new or improved therapeutic and diagnostic methods that have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality thereby improving the quality of life far beyond what was…

The lights in the ER blink as the storm rages on outside. I snap back from the sadness of the weather to the job at hand. I rush to the ER to see my patient has broken bones, a punctured lung, and a laceration along his calf. There’s so much blood everywhere, coming from every open wound on his body. His muscles torn apart and his heart pounding, trying to stay alive. Now was my chance everything I learned about anatomy could help me in this moment. No more time to be wasted I go into the room…

Names: Generic: modafinil, Trade name in New Zealand: MODAVIGIL® (MIMS 2015). Drug class: Central nervous stimulants (Wake- promoting agents) (Ballon and Feifel, 2006) Formulation: Modavigil ® is formulated as modafinil white to off-white, crystalline powder in tablet form. It is available in tablets containing 100mg of modafinil. Excipients in the tablet are: lactose, strach, pregelatinised maize, maicrocrystaline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, providone and magnesium stearate (Medsafe,…

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limited multisystemic disease of unknown etiology that typically causes fever and acute inflammation in young children. It is also referred to as "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome," because of its involvement of the mucous membranes, skin, and lymph nodes. It has 3 stages that lasts about 12 days which are comprised of the acute, subacute, and convalescent phases. This syndrome may result in the complication of damage to the coronary arteries, due to inflammatory…

Fragile X syndrome is an intellectual genetic disability that causes behaviour problems, learning difficulties and various physical characteristics. Fragile X syndrome is the most commonly inherited intellectual disability and the most common cause of autism. The degree in which the disease affects people varies from mild learning difficulties through to severe intellectual impairment. This genetic disability is caused when the gene that normally produces a certain protein that helps with brain…

Background: Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD) is the most frequent inherited renal cystic disease around the world. PCKD is a very complex group of disorders characterized by the formation and growth of multiple renal cysts, containing urine-like fluid, which displace renal tubules and frequently leads to end stage renal disease (ESRD). PCKD has two major forms and can be transmitted as autosomal dominant or recessive traits with variable expression. 1-3 Major advances have been done towards…

Introduction Cardiomyopathy is the disease of the heart in which the muscles of the heart are affected to an extent that they become stiff or of an irregular size, the effect it has on the heart classifies the type of disorder it is. It can take up many forms, the most common of these are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. As cardiomyopathy begins to become more severe, the overall health of the heart…

Psychological Components of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Ellyn Rachelle Boggess Liberty University Abstract The feeling of anxiety is a natural reaction to stresses. It can be a healthy natural reaction that keeps us safe in dangerous situations. Without some sort of a natural defense mechanism such as fear, that can cause and anxious feeling, humans would go around doing dangerous things all of the time. Yet for many people that anxious feeling is much more than a natural…

QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the pathophysiology of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Include discussion of risk factors associated with the development of this disease. (10 points) Coronary artery atherosclerosis is most commonly comprised of atherosclerotic fibrous fatty obstructions of the large epicardial vessels, which provide for blood flow and transport nutrients, oxygen, and elimination of metabolic waste products such as CO2, lactic acid, and hydrogen ions. Coronary artery atherosclerosis…