Mitosis

has three copies of chromosome twenty one rather than having a pair. Commonly, Down syndrome is caused by nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is "an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis" (Huether,McCance pp.42). Scientists have discovered that Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome, but the cause of why that occurs is unknown. The main risk for having a child with Down syndrome is maternal age. This risk factor…

There are many factors that have the potential to influence the emergence of new infections. A common factor is the spillover event. In the case of this event a pathogen present in one reservoir population will spread the pathogen to a new host or reservoir. An example of this is animal to human contact. For example, Ebola is thought to have been transmitted to humans by a bat. Meaning that the bat was the first reservoir host and passed it to a human host, a new population. Additionally,…

Pathophysiology of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome In order to conduct genetic research studies in hopes of finding a cure for the fatal disease progeria, one must understand how the disease affects the human body. Patients diagnosed with progeria demonstrate clinical signs of accelerated aging, including skin atrophy, osteoporosis, loss of subcutaneous fat and muscle, arthritis, poor growth, and alopecia. These manifestations are presented as a result of defects in the body’s processing…

components by FATIMA MOHIDIN Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles they are multicellular cells and undertake reproduction by the process cell division known as meiosis and mitosis. There are 2 types of eukaryotic cell: plant and animal cells. They contain organelles such ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nucleolus, centrioles, cell membrane, flagella, cilia, microtubules, chloroplast and…

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that takes part in protein synthesis. The nucleic acid has molecules that are big. Nucleotides has phosphorus, atoms, hydrogen and oxygen that creates them. Each nucleotide has ribosome or deoxyribose. DNA is the genetic material of a cell that has a repeating chain of five-carbon sugars connected together. It has four organic bases which are called nucleotides. There’s also deoxyribose which is a sugar that is in a double helix shape. DNA molecules…

Melanocytes are cells that are responsible for producing and creating melanin, and that is what makes us all so unique. People come in various different shades of color and the reason behind it is melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives humans the different shades of color for their hair, skin and eyes. Melanocytes is located in the epidermis layer, which is why it is important that we have protection. Melanin is what protects our skin from the effects that one may encounter from the sun.…

barrel when it it is arranged. One of their main function is to contribute/help with processes that involve cellular activities. One example of cell division where centriole plays a role in mitosis where the organelles creates spindle fibres. These fibers allow chromosomes to be separated from each during mitosis and the can create daughter cells. The centrioles play a key role…

those cells, DNA. This organization provides all the genetic information and structure for the organism. The different types of cells change the way the organisms move and get their energy. The division of cells allows the to grow and reproduce. Mitosis is the division of body cells and meiosis is the division of sex cells. The replication of DNA aids in the process of cell division. Protein synthesis is the translation of DNA to proteins using the three types of RNA. Genetic information is…

There are some significant differences between the two kinds of tumor. Each kind of tumor has its own characteristics. Benign tumors cannot spread out to other parts of the body because they are capsulated by a fibrous sheath of connective tissue. Therefore, they remain at their original sites. In contrast, malignant tumors (cancers) are not capsulated, so they have the ability to metastasize through blood and lymphatic vessels in a process called metastasis (1). The result of this process is…

To understand better the cycle of a cancer and a normal cell, we can start looking on this graph below: As we can see, a cell spends most of the the time on interphase during cell cycle. Interphase is divided in 3 parts, which are G1, S phase and G2. G1- cell grows S phase- cell synthesizes DNA G2- cell prepares to divide During G1 both normal and cancer cells grow, but in a cancer cell the cell just keeps growing ignoring the signals that tell them to stop. In S phase, or…