Mitosis

total number of asci. In order to calculate map distance, which is the distance the chromosome is from the centromere, the following formula was used: Map Distance= (% Crossed Over)/2 The percentage of cross-over must be divided by two because mitosis occurred, duplicating the cells. Therefore, only half of the spores are from crossing-over. Results Table 1: This table shows the numbers of asci scored for each ascus type as well as the total. Non-recombinant Recombinant Total # of Asci…

Body Planes, Regions, Cavities, and Directional Terms The fundamentals of learning the body in the medical field are body planes, regions, cavities, and directional terms. First up are the body planes, which the definition of a body plane is simply a two-dimensional surface. The dimensions of the body plane are both of length and of width and the body planes are used to describe the different locations that are located in the body or are just used for the point of location. There are three…

This lab investigates the affect of sucrose on mitosis in onion root cells. The results of the experiment do not support the hypothesis. As the concentration of sucrose increases, the percent change in root length of the onion decreases. The individual data shows a 44.75% increase in the length of the onion root for the control group (0.0M). This is the highest percent change in onion root length. The solution is likely hypotonic. This means that it contains a higher concentration of water…

Cancer, Lysosomes, and Treatment Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death across the world. Several therapies exist to fight cancer. They include surgery, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy. One common therapy many chose is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is cancer treatment using one or more anti-cancer medications that are given as a standardized regimen. There are several types of chemotherapy medications. Alkylating agents attack…

irregular (figure. 8), likely altering the shape. Nocodazole may impair mitotic spindle formation To investigate the effect of nocodazole on the mitotic spindle an IFA staining was performed. Nocodazole interferes with the spindle formation during the mitosis, therefore, it is speculated, treated cells having a defective spindle. Figure 9 and 10 show that nocodazole is indeed able to impair spindle formation as cells treated with nocodazole showed an irregular spindle shape. Presence of…

surface of the pathogen are taken up by B cells which then present the antigens on their cell surface. T helper cells attach to the antigen and activate other B cells to divide also by mitosis, the same as the T cells, however, B cells divide into different types of cells. Eales (1999) suggested that during mitosis of B cells, the sequence of amino acids in the daughter cells may not be exactly the same as the parent cell, but this does not alter which antigen the antibody recognises. The…

I want to become a physician-scientist because I want to work at the interface between basic science research, which has the power to elucidate new knowledge, and clinical medicine, which has the ability to translate scientific discoveries to a deliverable form that can directly help the patients in need. For three years, I studied the role of tumor microenvironment on breast cancer metastasis in Dr. Semenza’s laboratory at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. As I studied the…

During this process the genetic material is passed from one cell to another. Mitosis involves a four-stage process; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During the first step, called prophase, the centrioles position themselves at either end of the cell to prepare the cell for the mitotic division. In the metaphase, all…

CANCER CELLS VERSE HEALTHY CELLS The cells in our body are always replicating through the process of cell division known as mitosis. The cells growth is regulated, meaning that cell division only occurs when cells are damaged, lost, or worn out. However, some cells such as cancer cells lose control of cell division and reproduce uncontrollably. They lose their control of replication when the gene, in which controls the cell to stop growing at a certain point, is lost or not present. The figure…

Although stem cell research can lead to astounding medical advancements, it is constantly being challenged because of the gap of misunderstanding between researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into different cell types, and aide the body in getting rid of harmful diseases. But the methods of using stem cells are usually not understood or accepted. In order to form an opinion on this controversial topic one must be…