Mirror neuron

This is an introduction into use of music therapy used in cognitive and medical rehabilitation. Used very extensively in Europe most notably studied in detail by the university of Oslo in Norway. Looking at the methods of the studies using the scientific method for forming a theory that music has a beneficial effect on rehabilitation and improving cognitive function in children and patients with severe neurological and cognitive disorders. In fact, it is being used as a method of pain management…

Introduction A vertebrate is characterized by the vertebral column as it is part of their axial skeleton. Its main function is to act as a communication pathway between the brain and the body of the vertebrate. Usually, vertebrates have a fixed number of vertebral column, but there are variations in the number of vertebral columns within the cetacean species. Dolphins are vertebrates and are one of the fastest swimming species due to their morphological stability. The morphology can determine…

We have to be honest to ourselves, how many of us have texted someone or have looked at a text while driving? In fact, this has become one of the top killers in the nation, to the point that several states have passed laws that prohibit this type of behavior. However, laws haven’t been able to stop drivers from texting while they are driving and it has become an unsafe trend that keeps on growing and putting everyone in danger. Not only the people who multitask and text while driving are at risk…

Table 1. Structure Origin Insertion Action Deltoideus, pars clavicularis Lateral third of clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of the lateral side of the body of the humerus Flexion and medial (internal) rotation of humerus Deltoideus, pars acromialis Acromion Deltoid tuberosity of the lateral side of the body of the humerus Abduction of humerus Deltoideus, pars spinalis Scapula spine Deltoid tuberosity of the lateral side of the body of the humerus Extension and lateral rotation of humerus Supraspinatus…

Activation of the direct pathway initiates voluntary movement, by releasing upper motor neurons in the cortex from inhibition.1,2 The globus pallidus, internal and…

Case of Elderly Couple John and Lydia are an elderly couple that are face with a lot of challenges due to their age, and social situations. Some of the challenges that they are faced with is their mobility is limited, and they are confused and forgetful. According to Broderick an Blewitt (2015), “Dementia is a syndrome that affects multiple functional domains do to chronic and progressive disease processes in the brain. Cognitive and emotional skills like memory, judgement, language,…

Alzheimer's is a particular sickness under the wide category of dementia. Dementia is a neurological state described by weakness in the typical working of the mind. This may well incorporate debilitation in dialect, discernment, memory, psychological and identity abilities. Normally the veering off side effects presents as a disorder which brings about impedance with the social, spiritual and mental working of a person. The situation has a practical and recorded late onset with expanded…

Richard Dawkins has referred to humans as “lumbering robots,” and Stephen Hawking has stated “human beings are biological machines… nothing but a collection of organized chemicals that run physical brains in a deterministic machine-like way” (The Grand Design, 31; The Selfish Gene, 19). Both statements come from two of the greatest minds in science and entirely reject the idea of free will. Dawkins and Hawking, along with many other modern day scientists, assume humans do not make choices on…

Crayfish are an excellent model organism for a muscle neuron because they are easily dissected, they have an abdomen small enough to handle but large enough to fairly easily perform selective penetrations through the membrane, and this muscle remains stable in a standard saline solution for several hours. They…

tempting to call Purkinje’s description of the cells which bear his name the first piece of evidence in support of the Neuron Doctrine, this would be stretching the truth. In reality, anatomists at the time were still debating whether neurons in the brain stood as exceptions to the Cell Doctrine. With their long, elaborate axons and dendrites, some anatomists proposed that neurons formed a continuous, interconnectedinter-connected reticulum. Other anatomists thought that the neurofibrils were…