Middle Kingdom of Egypt

The Dispute between a man and his ba is a funerary text that originates from the 12th dynasty of the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. A single incomplete version has been preserved in literary text in ink on papyrus with the first section missing. It consists of 155 vertical columns and was later on translated by Miriam Lichtheim in 1975. A brief overview of this text is indicated in the title alone, as it is explicitly about man and his ba and their dispute about the existence of the man’s life…

two kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt. Around 3150 B.C., a pharaoh from the Early Dynastic Period gained control of both kingdoms uniting them to form the Egypt known today. With a population of 90 million, it makes Egypt the third most populated country in all of Africa. Roughly, 20 percent of this population lives within 20 kilometers of the Nile River. Because the Nile River and its surrounding areas have, the only arable land in the country it draws a lot of attention. Therefore, Egypt…

Both Egypt and China are civilization that have a long storied history. Both has a fair share of innovations that changed the world. It is worth to note that both contribute in ways that are in different fields but, there were moments like with the plow where China invented it and Egyptian improved it. But there is a major difference when talking about both civilizations. For starters, the Egyptian civilization was a far more ancient civilization then when China’s civilization started to arise.…

The lost of Egypt to the Muslims in 642 C.E. would open the door to greater Muslim expansion into the west which they would do in throughout North Africa, and later in the Visigothic Kingdom. 711 C.E., the being of the end of the Visigothic Kingdom, as Muslim forces would cross the straits of Gibraltar into Iberia, and into Western Europe. Ending two-hundred and ninety-three years…

this belief, the dead were buried with the same essential items that they would need on Earth. Initially, the people of the highest classes were the only ones allowed to be mummified. Over time, the lower classes acquired the right to do the same. Egypt had its own unique system of social classes. Like many social classes of that time, there was a ruler (the pharaoh) and the royal family. These people were above all others. The…

The limestone painted bust of Nefertiti and was created in the 18th Dynasty between 1353-1335 BCE and was found in the workshop of sculptor, Thutmose. It was discovered in Amarna, Egypt in 1912 by a German archaeological team led by Ludwig Borchardt. Many art historians believe the bust to be a 3D sketch or model that may have been for other representations of Nefertiti, a closer inspection of the bust had revealed that the bust was not just painted limestone, but limestone that is covered in a…

Afterlife Though throughout the course of Egyptian history there may be notable differences in the belief system between different periods, one idea remains: the concept of universal order or ma ‘at. This order must be maintained for the people of Egypt to prosper, but how is this done and by whom? In part, this is achieved when the Egyptians follow the rituals of their belief system. Of these rituals, the most important is the proper burial of an Egyptian king, meant to ensure that he…

however it delivered a very unique society and culture. Since its qualities and its firmly sew political association energized fantastic building, we know more about Egypt than about Mesopotamia, despite the fact that the last was in many regards more critical and wealthier in ensuing legacy. Dissimilar to Mesopotamia and the Middle East, where a unique waterway valley premise to human progress eventually offered route to the spread of development all through a whole locale, Egyptian…

pyramids to the Ramesseum, Egyptian art has affected the world and has coaxed people into studying it as a full time job. What people know today about Egypt is primarily from artifacts, tomb paintings, and monuments. From this historians have deducted that Egyptian history is divided into three parts: the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. It is well known that throughout these periods art was used to deify the pharaohs who lived during these eras. Most art from these periods has…

development of the cities that are built on the location of this evidence. Evidence for example on David’s military campaigns in the records of one of the kingdoms of Israel harbors many archeological sites (Finkelstein and Silberman…