Microorganism

billion years and were possibly the first life form on Earth. Bacteria can be found almost everywhere; in soil, water, food, plants, animals as they can survive in a range of extreme conditions. Bacteria are tiny, single-celled, prokaryotic microorganisms belonging to Kingdom Monera. Bacteria cells lack a nucleus and other organelles bound by a membrane and are structured by many different features. Bacteria have a flagella, cell wall, cell…

mechanisms involved in post mortem redistribution of drugs are not very clearly defined, some main factors can contribute to this phenomenon, including physicochemical properties of the drug, the time interval between death and sampling, the action of microorganisms, the postmortem gastric diffusion and the position of the body at the time of death. The aim of this paper is to understand the phenomenon and discuss the role of site and time-dependent variations in post mortem redistribution in…

The knowledge of the world is forever growing and we as a civilization or continually growing and need to provide ourselves with new cleaner sources of energy and the explorations of the natural resources just may help. But is the exploration of natural resources may not be the greatest of solutions for our current environment. Take the world today we run on coal and fossil fuels that damage the earth 's ecosystems put the plant at risk of being uninhabitable. Therefore a need arises to examine…

There are billions of different microorganisms that include different types of bacteria. Did you know that the crook of your elbow contains one million bacteria cells for every square centimeter? That is after being washed. (Marcela, 2008, n.p.). Most of the time when the word bacteria is mentioned, people think the worst. It is assumed that all bacteria are dangerous and that they often cause disease. However, scientists are discovering that not all bacteria are bad. The crevasse of the elbow…

organic matter on the forest floor and in the soil would never decompose. The rate at which these microorganisms decompose dead material is directly responsible for the availability of nutrients for plants. As the humidity and temperatures in rainforests are high, conditions are ideal for rapid microbial decomposition. However, the rates of decomposition will differ according to which microorganisms are present, the character of the organic matter, the physical and chemical environment of the…

Algae is more than just the green seaweed at the bottom of the ocean that people associate it with. It is a versatile and sustainable resource that is produced in abundant amounts and can be converted into fuel for trains, planes and cars. Algae microorganisms convert sunlight into…

20 cents worth of materials can help save a life. The same materials that can be used to make a paper version of a centrifuge are everyday items you can find around your house -- paper, string, and plastic. Who would've thought that you could use paper in such a life-saving way! A Stanford bioengineer named Manu Prakash decided to analyze the spin of a toy he played with during his childhood in India -- A whirligig. The toy is quite simple in design and dates back thousands of years. It works…

cross talk between the immune and nervous systems. The cross talk which occurs is a result of: chemokines, cytokines, and neurotrophic factors. Microglia are considered to be the “immune system” of the brain. They protect the brain from invading microorganisms/ pathogens and are similar in nature to microphages. Astrocytes also play a role in this system as they are there to help maintain the neuronal environment and alerts/initiates the system through secreted neurotrophic factors and…

Chemotaxis is the directional migration of cells in response to a chemical stimulus. The movement of these cells can either be directed towards favourable chemicals (chemoattractants) or unfavourable chemicals (chemorepellents). In particular, sugars and amino acids can attract many species of bacteria via chemotaxis, and the main method used to identify these chemicals is an assay that uses a glass capillary (Abe et al., 2017). In the capillary assay, the outer chamber contains mobile cells…

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) role is to ensure that the food the humans are consuming are safe to do so. The FDA only requires manufacturers to label their products containing Genetically Modified (GM) ingredients if only alters the main compound of the ingredient. Producers have the voluntary option of labeling their products that contain or don't contain GM ingredients. Other nations around the world obligated the manufacturers to label their products stating if the product contains…