Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. It involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first…
first conducted trial. The linear trendline was created for the last three data points, where the water was allowed to cool, which was then extrapolated backwards to account for the total decrease in the temperature of the water due to a loss of heat energy to the surrounding environment. The difference between the highest and lowest temperature values will then be used to calculate the total change in…
THE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF WATER AND METAL INTRODUCTION. When the same amount of heat is transferred to two different objects, there is an increase in internal energy by the same amount but this does not necessarily cause a rise in temperature (Hudson, ND). The effect of heat transfer on temperature depends on the amount of heat energy transferred, the mass of the object and the specific heat capacity of the material of which the material involved is made (Hudson, ND).…
Much has been made recently of the DIY foam roofing options that can be incorporated in your homes. Insulation is important to help keep away too much heat and cold outside temperatures inside the house. The great advantage to using foam roofing is the ease of installation. Since it is relatively easy to do, many can attempt do it on their own. This is one of the reasons why it has become popular. Insulation is necessary to protect the roof from weather getting into the cracks of the wood…
red band, where no light was able to be seen. Due to the position, it forms infrared radiation. This type of radiation is would be called,” heat wave.” Instead, it called misnomer. Say if the heat is the transfer of the internal energy from one region to another region. Then all forms of the electromagnetic radiation transfer internal energy are called,” heat waves.” Thermal radiation is produced by a heated surface in all directions and moves directly to its point of absorption at the speed of…
warmer environment in comparison to a colder one. However, the results of my experiment refute my claim. Initially I thought that the pill bugs would be naturally drawn to the warmer temperatures due to the fact that pill bugs are cold-blooded and need heat to survive but, for this experiment that was not the case. On average, there were 7 isopods in the cold chamber and 2 in the warm one. At the most there were 8 isopods in the cold chamber, whereas in the warm chamber, there was at the most 4.…
In addition, higher SGR of V. parahaemolyticus was observed as the temperature increases. The MPD values of V. parahaemolyticus varies from the lowest 7.00 to the highest 8.91, regardless of the type of V. parahaemolyticus strain at the 3 different temperatures. The differences in LT values were increased as the temperature was increased. At 20 °C, the shortest LT was observed with the (tlh+) strain, followed by (tdh+/trh+), the mixture, the (tdh+) and the (trh+). At 25°C the strains likely kept…
A group of biologists have developed a general model to explain growth and development in ectothermic organisms. Changes in environmental temperatures effect the rates of most biological reactions and biological processes in ectotherms. The rates of ontogenetic growth and development are no exceptions. Ectothermic animals develop faster at warmer temperatures and they usually mature at smaller body sizes. This phenomenon has been called the temperature size rule (Zuo et Al. 2011). The…
The estimated amount of time it took for the reactions that involved 2- chlorobutane, 2 – bromobutane, or 2 – chloro – 2 – methylpropane and 2 - bromobutane to form a precipitate could not be determined because no precipitate was formed. It makes sense that no precipitate was from because there was a lot of steric hindrance. The estimated amount of time it took for the reaction that involved 1 – chlorobutane could not be determined because at first glance it looked as if no precipitate formed.…
In this lab experiment, we will be using an unknown volatile liquid in order to understand the direct relationship between the molecular weight of a gas and its vapor density, which will help us determine the molecular weight of the unknown. The necessary tools that are essential in this experiment include: a balance, watch glass, two pieces of foil (2.5x2.5 inches & 3x3 inches), boiling chips, a ring stand, a thermometer, a bunsen burner, and an 800mL beaker. During this experiment, we have to…