Methionine

Although Fatal Familial Insomnia has not been given much attention directly, prion diseases in a whole have been studied by a number of different research centers. Since FFI is, in fact, a prion disease, the research being done could aid in finding a cure for patients. Research groups including, but not limited to, UCSF, MRC, Alberta, Case Western, and Rocky Mountain Labs, have spent great amounts of time to try and study the causes, effects, and cures of prion diseases. Currently, research has…

amidino-transferase (AGAT) (Wyss and Kaddurah-Daouk, 2000). As theorised, guanidinoacetate is formed in the kidney and consequently transported in the bloodstream to the liver (Wyss and Kaddurah-Daouk, 2000). When in the liver, the methyl group from methionine, namely S-adenosylmethionine, is given to guanidinoacetate by S-adenosylmethionine: guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) (Walker, 1979). As a result of this biological process, creatine is chemically recognised as a methyl…

10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyses the irreversible reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF),[2, 3] the primary form of folate.[4] This conversion produces a methyl donor for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine[5] and S-adenosylmethionine…

B – dystrophin is part of a group of a protein complex that works together to strengthen muscle fibres and protect them from injury as muscles contract and relax. Dystrophin is produced by the DMD gene and mutations cause Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, which lead to reduced amounts of dystrophin in skeletal muscle cells. This reduced amount of dystrophin causes muscles to weaken and damage over time, causing the build up of fat rather than muscle. This pseudohypertrophy causes the…

position 9, can be cleaved from the vitamin, resulting in formation of lumiflavin (Figure 4) which acts as riboflavin uptake inhibitor and lumichrome (Figure 5).Both lumiflavin and lumichrome may catalyze oxidation of lipids to lipid peroxides and methionine to methional that results in the development of an unpleasant flavor known as sunlight flavor. During phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia photolysis of riboflavin may occur. There is no evidence that normal exposure to sunlight…

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which there is a loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, this disease is incurable therefore leading to paralysis and death. The particular two studies discussed will be based on how biomarkers (a tool used by scientist to determine the biological pathways and the progress of the disease) can help find a cure for ALS by creating an effective drug and most importantly early detection. Mice were used as a transgenic…

In sequence 1, the protein that the DNA sequence coded for was Presenilin 2, also known as PSEN2. These proteins are developed from directions from the Presenilin Gene. One of the jobs of PSEN2 Gene is to process proteins that transmit chemical proteins from the cell membrane into the nucleus. From there they can activate genes, critical to cell growth and maturation (What is the normal function of the PSEN2 gene ). Processing amyloid precursor protein is also one of the main functions of PSEN2.…

Sequence 2 had the protein, presenilin-2-like, Equus przewalskii . The protein is also known as PSEN2 gene. This gene helps process proteins that transmit chemical signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. When the chemical signals fire to the nucleus, they turn on genes that make for the cell to grow and mature. The specific role, presenilin is known for, is processing the amyloid precursor protein. The amyloid precursor protein is found in the brain and some tissues. Presenilin gets…

stress. Because previous work indicated that LCN2 is a key modulator of hepatic fat metabolism and homeostasis, we performed a comparative profiling of the proteins and lipids of wild type (WT) and Lcn2-deficient mice fed either standard chow or a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Label-free proteomics and 2D-DIGE protein expression profiling identified differential expression of BRIT1/MCPH1, FABP5, HMGB1, HBB2, and L-FABP, results confirmed by Western blotting.…

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION III.1 A. dorsata and T. itama bee bread composition Laboratory analysis of A. dorsata bee bread showed that percentage of protein reached 13.82% (wet weight) and 19.96% (dry weight), lipid 7.80% (dry weight), fiber showed a value of 3.38% (dry weight) and 44.52% (wet weight). All of components in A. dorsata bee bread are placed in the range given by Compos et al., (2008) (Table 1). Table 1. Detailed composition of A. dorsatabee bread (dried mass). Main components…