Methanol

E-number food additives, their chemistry and role in food Since the dawn of time, humans had using several simpler and yet natural food preservation techniques such as preserving meat using salt, or immersing onions and cucumber in a jar of vinegar to keep the food fresh and last longer. The method of preserving food had been evolved over a significant period of time. (Heldman, 2003) Food additives are either a natural or synthetic substances which was added intentionally to food to improve the…

How was the Volstead Act applied to American citizens differently for the African American then the White Americans? It was January 17, 1920 around 12:01 am, when the United States of American enacted the Volstead Act, make the US officially “dry.” The 18th amendment which was ratified in 1919, but enacted in 1920, outlawed the transportation, sale, or manufacture of any intoxicating liquor from or to the United States of American. Throughout our history, the ratification and enactment of the…

1 Introduction Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid (Fig. 1), is isolated from many medicinal herbs, such as Coptidis rhizome (Coptis chinensis Franch.) and Cortex phellodendri (Phellodendron chinense C.K.Schneid.) (1). BBR has been used to treat microbial infection, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases due to its antibacterial, antidiarrheal and strong antidotal properties (2, 3). In recent years, much focus has been put on its other potential bioactivities, such as…

Readers’ Delight Students’ Reading Material 1. Fuel • Introduction to Fuel A fuel is a substance that has energy stored inside it. So, a substance that produces useful energy when it undergoes a chemical reaction is called as a fuel. Upon burning a fuel, a large amount of energy is released as heat. Fuels are used for various purposes such as cooking food, running vehicles, generating electricity etc. Coal, wood, petrol, diesel etc. are some common fuels. Thus, a fuel can be defined as a…

more well known ones are Ammonia that is found in your common household cleaners and Benzene that is found in rubber cement. On top of those four you can also find Arsenic, Butane, Cadmium, Carbon Monoxide, Formaldehyde, Hexamine, Lead, Naphthalene, Methanol, Nicotine, Tar, and Toluene. All of these chemicals come from products that should not be put inside the human body. While there is still a lot of unknowns about e-cigarettes there are a few things that a for sure known to be inside of them.…

It is generally accepted that a virophage is a viral agent that infects other larger viruses. It is a dsDNA virus which utilizes the replication factories of other viruses to reproduce itself. Virophages are essentially parasitic in nature, much in the same way as traditional satellite viruses. It is not without controversy that distinctions between satellite viruses and virophages are described. The difference between the two often seem more semantic than factual and more supported by…

were removed from the embryos from day 6-20. The vitreous body and lens are then transferred to a petri dish where they would be separated by doing a careful disection. Dr. Mark Adeelman donated the rhodamine-123 for the study which was used a methanol stock. This stock was used for the fluorescent probes. In order to be able to examine the lens with the confocal microscope one needs to stain it with the fluorescent dye. This process didn 't seem to work accordingly therefore another method…

Pectin yield was determined as weight of dry pectin against the weight of initial residues multiplied by 100%. Y=100(P/Bi) Where Y is the extracted pectin yield (%), P is the amount of extracted pectin in grams and Bi is the initial amount of sweet potato residues used to extract pectin. Equivalent weight and Degree of methoxylation The equivalent weight was determined according to the method by Barretina et al., (Barretina et al. 2012). 0.25g pectin was wetted with 5ml ethanol and topped…

and refluxed in a sand bath for 5 min. The soln was cooled and had ethanol (2mL) and sodium hydroxide (6 mL) added. The resulting mixture was filtered and the solid was rinsed with cold ethanol and cold water to once again remove the brown color. Methanol was then used to recrystallize the resulting white solid (0.065 g, 0.256 mmol,…

1. INTRODUCTION I am a chemical engineer working for Sasol co. . The specialised scope of the company’s product portfolio include manufacturing of fuels, oils, chemical, polymers, fertilizers, explosives and gas. I am instructed to generate 5 ideas for Sasol and determine the best product (line) among them through the multi factor decision making process. I am instructed to use the AHP excel spreadsheet picking 4 criteria of my choice to evaluate the ideas. 2. IDEA GENERATION MIND MAP…