Metastasis

Ovarian cancer affects the ovaries, organs within the female reproductive system. Ovaries help assist with the production of eggs that are used during reproduction. Women often have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus located within the pelvis. Due to their small size, ovarian cancer is often undetected until it has reached the pelvis and abdomen. If left untreated, it is more harder to treat the cancer and could up being very fatal for the patient. Luckily, ovarian cancer has symptoms.…

Mr. Taylor Edison, I am concerned about the Denim Day fundraiser, which is prohibited in this company. I support a charity called the American Cancer Society which, helps breast cancer patients as they fight breast cancer by providing 24/7 phone support, and rides to treatment. Denim Day donations help us save more lives from breast cancer. Mortality rates from breast cancer have dropped 36% since 1989. That’s 249,000 lives saved! (Edward, N. and Shauna, R., 2011) We’re making progress each and…

There are four types of external-beam radiation therapy: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), Proton beam therapy, and Stereotactic radiation therapy. 3D-CRT has special computers creating detailed 3D pictures of the cancer allowing the treatment team to target the beam more accurately. With this method, they are able to use higher doses of radiation while having reduced risk of healthy tissue damage. IMRT uses a Varian Clinac iX-S…

From figure 15 the single most striking observation is that the curve seems to be falling toward a limiting survival probability (horizontal asymptote). However, that limiting probability is somewhat below 0.52 rather than anywhere near zero. The last focal event occurred after 20.7146 years, yielding an estimated survival probability of 0.5172. After that the curve appears to flatten out (i.e., to become virtually horizontal). The bottom entry in the Kaplan-Meier survival table indicates that…

ULTRASOUND BREAST DIAGONOSIS Breast ultrasound uses sound waves to make images of the breast. It is non-invasive and often used as a follow-up test after an abnormal finding on a mammogram, breast MRI or clinical breast exam. If a needle biopsy is needed, breast ultrasound may also be used to help guide the procedure. image001 What are the reasons for a breast ultrasound? A breast ultrasound procedure is commonly performed to determine if an abnormality detected by mammography or a…

The major problem associated with chemotherapeutic agents is their lack of specificity and selectivity. This is mainly due to the presence of very subtle metabolic differences between the tumor cells and the normal cells[51]. Hence, very large doses of chemotherapeutic drugs are required for successful chemotherapy. Furthermore, cancer chemotherapy leads to severe adverse effects, such as hair loss, damages to the liver, kidney, and bone marrow, as the normal cells are also exposed to these…

Actinic Keratosis (AK) is a skin disease in which lesions form on the skin due to being over-exposed to ultraviolet light rays. This disease may develop into Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). AK is usually pretty common lesions on the skin that are usually red, brown, or nude colored, rough patches on the skin that has been over-exposed to UV light rays. The more of AK that a person has, the more of a risk the person has of developing melanoma skin cancer. As AK grows and develops, it can become…

Skin cancer, the most common form of cancer in the United States, is defined as the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells following unrepairable DNA damage to the skin. This DNA damage leads to cellular mutation and causes skin cells to multiply quickly, thus forming tumors and abnormal growths. There are several causes of skin cancer, including sunburn and ultraviolet light exposure throughout life with environmental and hereditary elements. Ultraviolet light, a type of electromagnetic…

Swollen Glands Overview- The swollen gland or swollen lymph nodes are an enlargement of the lymph glands, in most cases due to local or diffuse inflammation. Groups of lymph nodes in the neck, around the collarbone, the armpit, groin. During a physical examination the doctor palpating these areas looking for any swelling. Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped curved masses of lymphatic tissue bounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Lymph glands are found in many places in the lymphatic system…

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, behind skin cancer. Although that is a startling fact, prostate cancer can often be successfully treated. To better understand how prostate cancer affects the male body, it is a good idea to know the body parts around it and how they work. The prostate is a gland that is only found in males, sitting below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate gland makes some of the fluid that protects and nourishes the sperm cells in…