Metaphysics

One of the strongest point that the atheism has ever made is the problem evil, which draws the most diverse responses from Christians. A lot of people who believe in God will always question whether all-good and all-powerful God really exists after they have suffered some of the most serious difficulties in life; for example, the departure of their beloved family members, being diagnosed cancer and only have few months left to live, or being broke and lost all the possession. Because if God…

Early philosophers like Plato and Aristotle had a tremendous influence on the way other philosophers developed their ideas. Plato was known for attempting to find a connection between morality and reality. He developed what was known as the two-world view and divided line. In his two-world view he explained how there was a real world and the world in which we live in. The Real World was composed of perfect, eternal, and unchanging things known as forms. In contrast, our world was incapable of…

2nd Mediation Reading Response Recognizing the failings in comprehension is a key attribute in avoiding biases in the previous mediation, however it is easier said than done. To be faced on the growing continuum of indecision and intellectual liberation from the constant distractions brought by the senses Descartes resides in “pit of man's fears and the summit of his knowledge” as referring to the Twilight Zone. On the onslaught of uncertainty, the Wax analogy is sufficient enough when…

According to Plato’s Cave Allegory, the prisoners are kept in the cave since birth as they can only see and name the shadows of objects on the cave wall. This causes the prisoners to mistaken the appearance of reality due to the reason that they have never seen anything outside of the cave. Similarly, in The Matrix, the main character, Neo is trapped inside a reality created by a computerized program as the program was designed by the artificial intelligence that took over the world. Furthermore…

epics, royal annals, and chronicles. The reason this information was gathered is not known, but we realize it was not human self-knowledge. Oswalt then elaborates on the reasons there is no history writing in the ancient Near East. In the worldview of continuity, the idea of focus on now, subjective orientation, multiplicity of causes, determinism, and preoccupation with order and security are the reasons for the absence of history writing. The Bible has a significant difference in history…

Beginning his essay, Robert Adams brings a specific claim regarding God’s nature to the attention of the reader. This claim, made by many theologians and philosophers, is as follows, “If a perfectly good moral agent created any world at all, it would have to be the very best world that he could create.” While Adams states for us that there are many who hold to this claim regarding the Creator, he is quick to let the reader know that he is not one such person. Arguing that these claims are false,…

Human beings, like most other primates, are social living beings. If individually cut off from others it will be difficult surviving due to certain environmental conditions. Consequently, the guideline between individuals groups is of supreme importance to human beings existence as of today. To that conclusion we have created our many various social system, rules, customs, laws, and religions. We cannot, however, use these social establishments the way we would use machineries. It is impossible…

Descartes: Meditations of First Philosophy is made up of six meditations. In the first meditation, Descartes discredits all beliefs of things that are uncertain by proving what he knows for sure is true. In the first meditation titled: “Concerning those things that can be called into doubt,” Descartes presents many skeptical arguments, doubting each one. He falsifies his arguments about perception, dreams, evil demons and God. First, Descartes believes that his perceptions are deceiving him and…

In Meditations on First Philosophy/Meditation 1 Descartes insists that we might not have any surety in our knowledge. He concludes that reality as we know it is false, and we are ultimately deceived. This is interesting because there is no way to prove we can determine whether this is true or false logic. The claim has no intent on changing our daily actions, our moral beliefs, or our role in the universe, but is intended to bring us into open-mindedness. If we allow ourselves to accept the…

Many people spend most of their lives contemplating what is actually real as opposed to what they think is real, and how they could ever know the difference. Numerous beliefs were once accepted by society as the absolute truth but are now known to be completely false, such as the shape of the earth or the idea that the earth was the centre of the universe. Some philosophers such as Rene Descartes encourage us to question the existence of almost anything. For instance, when we were children we…