Metallurgy

Chapter 2 covers the development of human settlement patterns along five river basins. The authors focus on how humans used the environment to sustain larger scale settlements than previously experienced. Please respond to the following discussion question: What were some of the similarities and differences among these river settlements? How do we account for those similarities and differences? What, if anything, stood out to you in this chapter as particularly interesting or surprising?…

The traditional view of men being dependent on the church for guidance or the state deciding what was right was challenged with Kant's idea of freedom of thought and freedom of religious ideas. Kant defined enlightenment as man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Men could be fully autonomous and in charge of their own life without the church becoming involved as was required before the Enlightenment. Therefore, the traditional views of maturity violated the ideas of the Enlightenment…

In ancient Greece, the Greeks named any location where the sun set as the West (Caicco). Technically, they were right. However, as the world’s population expanded, humans changed their perspective on what Western civilizations were. In this week’s lecture, we learned that there are five key aspects that define the West. These aspects are a “complex urban life, a complex government, organized labor, innovative technologies, and long-distance trade” (Caicco). As far back as the paleolithic…

institutions were established to (again) maintain order and more importantly; cooperate on community projects such as expanding the reservoirs and canals for crops. Now with civilization booming and crops, along with other trade products such as pottery, metallurgy, and textile also at peak production, Sumerians found it very useful using pictographs in order to keep track of commercial transactions and tax collections. However, this was not helpful when it came to communicating abstract ideas.…

until he was apprenticed to artist Andrea del Verrochio, one of the region’s leading artists. As an apprentice he would have been exposed to theoretical training and a vast array of technical skills, such as drafting, mechanics, metal working and metallurgy, carpentry, plaster casting, as well as the artistic pursuits of painting, drawing, modeling, and sculpting. By 1482 Leonardo was an accomplished musician as well as artist. Having designed and fabricated a lyre made in the shape of a…

Within civilizations there are many similarities and differences. Case in point, geography, social structure, political and governmental systems, economy, technology and culture. For example, Shang and Zhou China, and the Nile River valley. These two civilizations are filled with these types of differences. The geography of China varies differently of that of Egypt. Which in turn, led these independent civilizations to take different paths in culture and other aspects. China, for instance, has…

property is the basis of inequality. The development of private property due to differentiation, based on Rousseau’s analysis, led to division of labor. Rousseau states that once dependency is established, property is formed. He specifically identifies metallurgy and agriculture as the two arts that revolutionized dependency and the division of labor. It is all through history that shows how men are natural if and only if they are independent— an individual can perform a task by him or herself.…

Natural Liberty in Nature Alone Modern idealizations of success and prosperity over one’s lifetime are generally compromised by images of wealth, academic achievement, innovation, and leaving a legacy behind. Although all are perceived to be accomplishments, the state of nature at its core does nothing that requires man to submit himself to these needs. Instead, it is man who has over generations created the present constructs harnessing his passion, demanding his performance, and creating…

Selenium: The Essential Element Introduction Over the years, selenium is known to be the essential element in all forms of life. Selenium is a metalloid belonging to the block p, group 16, period 4. It is a gray metallic rare element widely distributed within Earth’s crust which has an atomic number of 34 and a symbol “Se”. Selenium was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Johan Gottlieb Gahn after analysing an impurity contaminating the sulphuric acid being produced by a factory…

Gender equality is an issue well known by the global population. The problem dates way back throughout history to the ancient civilizations and even before that. Women were given less rights and had a lower social standing in society. In the book Gender in World History, the author, Peter N. Stearns writes about the inequalities between the two sexes as well as their individual roles and positions in different societies. Some examples in his book are “In patriarchal societies, men were held to…