Metabolism

The high protein low carbohydrate diet is based on increasing protein intake in the form of meat and eggs and almost no carbohydrates at all. This is the fastest and most effective method of losing weight. Most diet plans allow unrestricted amounts of protein and forbid rice, pasta, bread potatoes, many vegetables, sugar and and cheese. Reducing carbohydrate intake in large amounts causes the body to be in a metabolic state known as ketosis, where stored fats for fuel are burned. Carbohydrates…

α-Lactalbumin, a multifunction protein in milk, forms an enzyme complex with galactosyltransferase that catalyzes the last reaction in lactose synthesis.1 α-Lactalbumin has one Ca2+ binding site and several Zn2+ binding sites as well as many intermediary folding states, making it ideal for research involving the effects of cation binding on protein interactions as well as research on protein misfolding.1 α-Lactalbumin gives milk an antimicrobial property, making it important for infant health,…

There are factors that can affect the enzymatic activity. Enzymes are known to speed up the biological reactions. It is specific to its substrate which in this experiment is known to be catechol. The catechol oxidase is used in all parts to express the concentration in the enzyme reacting into ortho-quinone (Schultz, 2006). The catechol oxidase if from the potato that was used in this experiment. The enzyme was extracted as the full strength after centrifugation and used the homogenization as…

Cataract A cataract is when the lens of your eye becomes cloudy. The lens is the clear part of your eye behind your iris and pupil. The lens focuses light on the retina, which lets you see clearly. When a lens becomes cloudy, your vision may become blurry. The clouding can range from a tiny dot to complete cloudiness. As some cataracts develop, they may make you more near-sighted. Other cataracts increase glare. Over time, cataracts can worsen and the pupil can sometimes look white. They get…

Before we can talk about what a polymer is, we need to know about ATOMS and ELEMENTS and MOLECULES. To learn about atoms and elements and molecules, click here. Paul Lemur This is PAUL LEMUR. He's a lemur named Paul. Polymers are made up of many many molecules all strung together to form really long chains (and sometimes more complicated structures, too). What makes polymers so fun is that how they act depends on what kinds of molecules they're made up of and how they're put together. The…

Finding fast ways to build muscle is something almost every guy attempts at one point in life. There's nothing more satisfying than building muscles and finding the best shape of your life, especially when it happens quickly. The problem is, building muscle fast is NOT easy. In fact, it's pretty damn hard - but not for the reasons you probably think. Many guys believe to build muscle fast it requires MORE work at the gym, and HARDER work. This is a popular misconception, in reality building…

In the world of biology macromolecules are the basis of all life. The four main biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, as well as provide a means for energy and cell support in plants. .( Parsi et al, 2016) They can be further categorized by the subtitles monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Since monosaccharides are monomers and thus simple sugars, as monomers are added to the chain…

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to process certain amino acids properly. It causes brain damage and progressive nervous system degeneration. MSUD is caused by mutations in three different genes: BCKDHA, BCKDHB and DBT (Warrell, Cox and Firth, 2012). The BCKDHA gene causes MSUD Type Ia due to the mutation in the E1α subunit, BCKDHB causes Type Ib due to the mutation in the E1ᵦ subunit, and DBT causes Type II due to…

In this investigation, electrolyte content will be measured and compared to the sugar content to give a measurement of how drinks compare in terms of benefit during exercise. The independent variable will be the drink being tested, and the dependent variable will be the electrolyte and sugar content of that drink. Electrolytes are positively or negatively charged ions that are essential for survival. Positively charged electrolytes move towards a cathode, while negatively charged electrolytes…

According to numerous bodybuilding.com the top three supplements on the market right now are creatine monohydrate, caffeine, beta-alanin5. Creatine monohydrate is known as creatine is considered one of the most effective performance supplements that improve high-intensity work capacity, muscle mass, strength, and body composition5. Creatine increases phosphocreatine stores within the muscle, allowing an increase in regeneration of ATP5. Creatine(s) effectiveness based on scientific evidence…