Metabolism

In 1806 amino acids were first discovered. They were discovered by Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin and Pierre Jean Robiquet. Cystine was the second amino acid to be discovered, and cysteine was discovered about 74 years after that. Cystine is an unstable non-essential amino acid that, on oxidation, transforms into cysteine. Cysteine contains sulfur and is mainly found in foods with high protein. Examples of food items that contain cysteine are: lamb, beef, chicken, sunflower seeds, fish, cheese, eggs,…

succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase. The Cori Cycle has many parts to it ultimately leading to the breakdown of glucose and the diffusion of lactate with the liver. In the Cori cycle there is the conversion of glucose to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells, the diffusion of lactate from muscle cells into the bloodstream then being transported to the liver. To the conversion of lactate to glucose through…

form of surgery, bone fractures, infections, burns and bone marrow transplant. Hypermetabolism is a symptom of hyperthyroidism which is characterised by an increment in the production of thyroid hormones hence an increase in the rate of cellular metabolism. Bakhtyar et al, 2015 research on the occurrence of hypermetabolism in burn victims. It was found that hypermetabolism can persist up to 3 years after the trauma. They also reported that hypermetabolism plays an important part in the healing…

The protein product of the myostatin gene inhibits skeletal muscle growth. People who suffer from skeletal muscle degenerative diseases show significant increases in myostatin. In contrast, knocking-out the gene results in significant increases in skeletal muscle mass (hypetrophy, which is characterized by an increase in muscle cell size not number, such as is seen in professional athletes) in experimental animals. Recently, a human child exhibiting strength far beyond that of other children of…

converting carbs into fat. This greatly impedes the accumulation of fat in the body; thus enhancing weight loss. 3. Improves the Metabolism Garcinia Cambogia is very effective in creating an efficient metabolic environment because HCA can balance the chemical reactions taking place in the body. When high levels of HCA are present in the body, the forces of metabolism tend to expend much more energy by tapping into the fat reserve. The resulting imbalance in the energy levels, effectively leads…

It is also called anabolism or biogenesis. It is a enzyme-catalyzed method in which substrates are transformed into complex products. In this process simple compounds change or convert into other compounds or they join together to form macromolecules. Example: In this process gluneogenesis is responsible for the production of glucose from non carbohydrate originator. Actually biosynthesis is an enzyme-catalyzed process in which substrates are converted into complex compounds. 1. Biosynthesis…

Monarch butterflies are bright orange with black and white markings on its wings. Males and females can be differentiated based on observing their hind wings; while males have a black spot at the center of each hind wing, females do not. These wings give males a selective advantage; they are able to attract female mates. Similar to migrating birds, the monarch butterflies use the clear benefit of updrafts of warm air, called “thermals” and glide as they migrate, to preserve the energy required…

exercise are metabolic rate, heart rate and blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. The energy required to maintain the bodily functions comes from the food that we eat- carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Metabolism or metabolic rate describes all the chemical changes that occur within our body.…

expenditure with cycle ergometry. For any activities taking longer time than few minutes, main source of energy is through aerobic metabolism, as we do not store more amount of o2 in body, we must deliver o2 to tissue when it is needed during prolonged exercise. Therefore, we have to measure the volume of oxygen uptake (Vo2) and volume of carbon dioxide (Vco2) which produced by metabolism of sources of energy through indirect…

metabolic processes. Dr. Mahua Choundhury is an assistant professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at A&M University. Dr. Choundhury first came to the topic of plastic when attempting to find out if certain diets have an effect on the body’s metabolism. The body’s metabolism provides for the growth and reproduction of an…