Metabolic pathway

transport to the Golgi, the plasma membrane and endosomes, which is the major membrane transport pathway between cellular organelles in the secretory and endocytic pathways; through the budding and fusion of membrane vesicles. The uptake of fluorescent sphingolipid and phosphotidylcholine analogues in mammalian cells proceeds by various endocytic pathways. However, arresting vesicle traffic using metabolic poisons/genetic mutations does not affect the transport of emerging glycerophospholipids…

experience altered or abnormal cellular and whole plant processes just to achieve the right conditions for survival (Fitter and Hay, 1981). These fluctuating environmental factors bring alterations in a plant at morphological, physiological, biochemical, metabolic and molecular level i.e. bringing the plant under ‘stress’ (Pedranzani et al, 2015).…

Epigenetics are heritable changes of gene expression that does not involve the actual changing of the genetic sequences and are the product of outside, environmental influences. Choundhury focuses more on the consequence that plasticizers have in metabolic processes. Dr. Mahua Choundhury is an assistant professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at A&M University. Dr. Choundhury first came to the topic of plastic when attempting to find out if certain diets have an effect on the body’s metabolism. The…

photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is the metabolic pathway that takes raw materials and converts it to sugar. Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves, specifically in the chloroplasts of the cells of plants. Photosynthesis also occurs in plants, green protista, and prokaryotes. There are two phases in photosynthesis, the light dependent and the light independent reactions. Cellular respiration is the metabolic pathway that converts sugars (carbohydrates) to carbon dioxide…

metabolic syndrome has been associated with atherosclerosis, inflammatory disorders, polycystic ovarian syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and oxidative stress (Bruce & Cagampang, 2011). Metabolic syndrome is not only an affliction of aging populations; since the 1980s, obesity rates among American children ages two to five years have doubled (Pharmacy Times, 2011). Currently, about 10% of children less than two years of age and 20% of children ages two to five years are obese…

the plant’s roots via macro-sized nutrient pores and continue through the plant by two modes of transportation: apoplastic and symplastic pathways. The apoplastic pathway is the non-selective pathway that silver also uses to move between the cells. This is only restricted by any interactions with the cell membranes lining this pathway. The symplastic pathway utilizes ionic channels and protein pumps [15]. For cellular uptake of strontium and calcium, cells may use non-specific ion pumps or…

6-thioguanosine 5-monophosphatase (TGMP), after a series of reductions becomes dGS (deoxy-6-thioguanosine 5-triphosphatase), the final metabolite that, incorporated into DNA, will lead to apoptosis of the inflammatory cell26. There is, however, another metabolic pathway of thiopurines involving 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine (TG), which undergo the thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT) enzymatic…

activates the expression of metabolic genes regulating cellular growth and nuclear genes required for respiration in organisms. This is a less common method of nitrate reduction than denitrification in most ecosystems. Other genes involved in denitrification include NIR (nitrite reductase) and NOS (nitrous oxide reductase), which are possessed by such organisms as Shewanella…

I am writing this letter to express my unconditional support of Dr. Joanna Kaylor’s promotion to Associate Researcher, Step I at the Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA Stein Eye Institute. She is an exceptional young scientist and her appointment will certainly benefit the research program at your Institution. My strong enthusiasm for the appointment of Dr. Kaylor stems first from her exceptional research accomplishments, and second from my personal impressions of her during our interactions at…

important member to a large family of tyrosine kinase receptor proteins. Endogenous ligands such as insulin, IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1) and IGF-2 (Insulin-like growth factor-2) bind to this receptor to carry out major physiological and metabolic functions. INSR (Insulin Receptor) gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed in our body to form a functional heterotetrameric insulin receptor. In mammals INSR gene can contain an additional exon 11 which may get encoded…