Mesoderm

Criminology is a subject which aims towards discovering the reasons behind an individual’s choice to commit crime and their behaviour in some situations. By understanding a person’s motives to commit a crime, criminologists can try and prevent crime from happening. Several criminologists developed their own theories which explain why people commit crime, what makes them do it and also how we can prevent individuals from committing a crime again. The main theoretical perspectives examined in…

Stem cells are cells that have the capacity to develop into some or many different cell types in the body, depending on whether they are multipotent or pluripotent. Serving as a sort of repair system, they can theoretically divide without limit to restore other cells for as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each "daughter" cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell…

Comparing the Intrinsic Similarities and Characteristic Differences in Arthropods and Mollusks. Coastal regions possess a unique characteristics in which all plant and life forms have to adapt in order to be able to survive in such regions. One major characteristic of these regions is due to the constant wave motion of the seas in coastal regions. Hence, life forms such as Arthropods and Mollusks, predominant life forms present in these coastal regions, adapt and specialize to be able to thrive…

Chapter 1 Atherosclerosis Structure of the normal artery: Cell types composing the normal artery: Endothelial Cells: The endothelial cell (EC) of the arterial intima constitutes an important contact surface with blood. It plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. This blood compatibility is due to presences of heparan sulfate proteoglycan molecules on the surface of the EC. These molecules can serve as a cofactor for antithrombin III, which inhibit thrombin. The surface of the EC also…

Introduction Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is due to fetal alcohol exposure, and is the most serious case of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders1. The embryonic development period between three and eight weeks are when the most birth defects occur, but pregnant women are advised not to consume alcohol during their entire pregnancy due to the adverse effects that alcohol can have on their child2. This paper will analyze the dangers of alcohol to a developing embryo or fetus, the manifestation…

Gastrulation “is a process in early development in which an embryo’s cells migrate to form three layers of tissue: the endoderm, the mesoderm, and the ectoderm” (Krogh, 2011, p. 620). The movement of cells during this phase will help to develop the embryo. After all movement has been completed, the cells will configure themselves into the three different layers. Each of these layers will…

Cardiac Differentiation Using BMP4 and CHIR99021 Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with approximately 600,000 deaths in the U.S. only. One of the major difficulties with heart diseases is the heart’s failure to produce new and healthy cells in a timely manner. Unfortunately, the heart lacks the ability to quickly generate new tissue composed of viable cells, leading to patient death. Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) are believed to be highly useful in…

Ever since the 19th century, there have been many advances in the biological field of embryology. We can attribute a majority of these advances to Karl Ernst von Baer and his findings of the basic fundamentals of embryology. Raised in a family of military officials, von Baer decided to choose his own path in life and pursue the study of embryology (Oppenheimer). His many discoveries, including the mammalian ovum and the germ layer theory has allowed modern day scientists to further the…

People’s beliefs on the origin of life tend to fall into one of two categories, evolution and creation a form of intelligent design. In most schools, the default setting for teaching about the origins of life is evolution as the most scientific and realistic explanation. However, I believe that it is important that this bias against religion of any kind and hence the discrediting of creation should be eliminated and instead the scientific evidence for both creation and evolution to be taught…

Neurons are not the only cells that occupied the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, neurons are outnumbered by supportive non-excitable cells, collectively called neuroglia (a.k.a. glia). The term glia was coined by Rudolph Virchow in 1859 to indicate the “connective tissue” surrounding the neurons (glia came from Greek meaning glue). However, the combination of the activities of glial cells and neurons is crucial for brain functions (Steward 2000). There are three types of glial cells in…