Menstrual cycle

fertility treatment women are using is In Vitro Fertilization or IVF. IVF is practiced all over the world; it has also led to several born babies yearly (Dickey, Holan, Reece, Simon, & Taylor, 2015, Chapter Chapter 27). Unfortunately the cost per cycle is extremely high; due to that, many cannot afford it. Women’s infertility can be caused by serious problems in the ovaries, oviducts and endometrium. It affects approximately 8.2 million women in the United States. The leading cause of…

up Pap smear result HPI: Andrea, a 43-year-old G4P4 premenopausal woman, returns to your office after the results of her PAP smear indicate a concern, the test was done during the routine check up. She reports her last menstrual period was 2weeks prior to the visit. Her cycles usually involve of 1-2 days of moderate bleeding in which one tampon last a few hours, followed by 2-3 days of light bleeding and spotting in which a tampon or pad…

Endometriosis is a debilitating and painful disease estimated to occur in 50% of women seeking treatment for pain and infertility (Prince & Thomas, 2015). Despite its prevalence, there is a significant diagnostic delay associated with endometriosis; the length of time between the first presentation of symptoms to the actual diagnosis averages 6 to 11 years (Yates, 2015). This diagnostic delay stems from widely debated pathogenesis, varied presentation, and standard methods of diagnosis (Prince &…

Dermoid ovarian cysts, or mature cystic teratomas, are a nonfunctional type of cyst that forms on the ovary. This type of cyst is the most common type of germ cell tumor (Mo et al. 2013). This disease was of interest to me because I have had an ovarian cyst before, although mine was a different type, I had similar complications that normally follow a dermoid ovarian cyst. Causes of the disease and symptoms Dermoid ovarian cysts develop when totipotent germ cells become over stimulated in women…

• PCOS carries with it body changes that may be more troubling for a female than the actual cause of these changes. What body changes may affect the female? How does the nurse practitioner address these with the patient? What education and counseling does the nurse practitioner offer? PCOS is the most common endocrine disease affecting women. There are multiple changes that occur within the body due to PCOS. PCOS causes an increase of LH, resulting in hyperandrogenism; in PCOS FSH is decreased.…

Unaffordable Birth Control Is Costing Women The Trump Administration has dismantled the protocol under the Affordable Care Act set up by President Obama, that requires insurance companies to provide free birth control. Employers are now able to deny insurance coverage for many forms of birth control due to religious or moral reasons (“The Trump Administration Is Rolling Back the Mandate that Employers Provide Free Birth Control”). However, birth control pills are not just used for sexually…

Infertility in African American Women Many health problems are becoming more of a concern that In general, infertility is defined as not having the ability to get pregnant or conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Usually, women struggling with infertility have caused the issue by the lifestyle they are living or previously lived, or the cause was inevitable. Unfortunately, it is a more complex and prevalent issue, especially in African…

2.1. Carrie : An Overview Carrie (1974) is the first full-length published and well-received novel written by King, a profound depiction of the story of outcast high-school girl, Carrie White. Despite the fact that it is his first published novel, he previously has sixth attempts at writing novels. King in his book On Writing , a memoir of his literary craft , records the story of how he wrote Carrie . He recalls ''I did three single-spaced pages of a first draft, then crumpled them up in…

Why am I having this test? The estrogen fractions test is used to evaluate: Sexual maturity, menstrual problems, and fertility problems in females. The health of a fetus and placenta in pregnant females. The presence of female characteristics in males (feminization syndromes). This test can also be used as a tumor marker in people with estrogen-producing tumors. What is being tested? This test measures the levels of estrogen in the blood. There are three major forms of estrogen: Estriol. Estriol…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. (Clinic, 2014) Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hyperandrogenic disorder associated with chronic oligo-anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is often associated with psychological impairments, including depression and other mood disorders and metabolic derangements, chiefly insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which is recognized as a major factor responsible for…