Meninges

The interaction between the CNS and the systemic immune system is delicate, being limited by the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB), which renders the CNS immune homeostasis in a dormant self-tolerant state (1). Selective permeability of the BBB plays a crucial role in regulating the entry of specific molecules into the CNS and excluding most macromolecules from passing into the brain (2, 3). This unique feature of the BBB also prevents leakage of neurotransmitters into the circulation.…

Meningitis is an infection that causes swelling of the meninges, the membrane that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord that can be viral, bacterial and even fungal but very rare. It is most commonly a viral infection first followed by bacterial infection. Viral Meningitis is a mild form and can clear up on it's own and is caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses. These viruses can be spread through food, water, or contaminated objects. Several strains of bacteria can cause…

The incidence of death from cancer is decreasing, but it will always have a significant impact in nursing practice. Mortality has declined by 66% over the past 30 years, from a 5-year survival rate of less than 50% to approximately 83% today (Barbel & Peterson, 2015). The article, “Recognizing subtle signs and symptoms of pediatric cancer”, discusses the causes and risks, signs and symptoms, details of the different forms of cancer, as well as some nursing implications in regards to pediatric…

Laboratory Findings Bacterial meningitis is the most common suppurative infection of the central nervous system (Mitropoulos, Hermsen, Rotschafer, 2012). It is rapid progressing and can lead to death or debilitating effects if not diagnosed and treated quickly. In order to diagnose a patient with bacterial meningitis a cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) examination is necessary. To obtain the CSF from a patient a lumbar puncture is usually done. When the physician is performing the lumbar puncture…

The nervous system in the body is divided into Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Central nervous system controls all important nerves inside the body enable the body to do its daily tasks. Peripheral nervous system is the system that control on the outside the brain and spinal cord. Both systems are requiring in the body for different functions. The central nervous system consists of the nerves in brain and spinal cord. The brain is responsible for organize and…

Osteogenesis Imperfect is also known as the, “Brittle Bone Disease”. This is an extremely rare disease with less than twenty thousand cases a year. As of today there is no known available cure, but there are treatments available to lessen the symptoms of the disease. This is a chronic illness that can last up to a few months, to lasting a person’s entire lifetime. This is a disease that causes extreme fragility in the bones of a normal person. This could make a person’s life extremely difficult…

and torticollis are two homeostatic imbalances that affect the human body. This essay will give background information, treatments, signs and symptoms, and their connections to the specific systems they affect. Meningitis is the swelling of the meninges due to bacterial infections. It can cause things like convulsions, delirium, and in worst case scenarios death. With an early checkup and diagnosis, some modern medicine, and cautionary measures, the death rate stands in between 5 percent and…

This paper explores the different diseases in which hearing loss is a side effect. The different causes of deafness are broad and are usually categorized between two types of deafness. There are two main types of deafness which are conductive deafness and nerve deafness. There is deafness in which you are born in (can be born in through disease), congenital deafness; and deafness which occurs later in life, adventitious deafness, usually caused by loud noises. The paper explores the Sensorial…

CNS tumors can be classified into two categories such as either primary versus metastatic or Benign versus Malignant. Tumors formed in epithelial tissues of brain are termed as neuroepithelial tissue tumor. There are also tumor of meninges, germ cell tumors, tumors of sellar region, lymphomas and hematopoietic tumor. Tumors at cranial and peripheral nerves could be observed. A standard classification for tumors is provided by World health Organization (WHO). A Glioma is a type of tumor…

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, and is the basis of all functions in the body. Consequently, when the brain suffers damage or is not formed correctly, the effects can be devastating to basic, normal bodily functions. There are an innumerable amount of pathologies and disorders that the brain can suffer from, and this paper will be focusing on just a few of the major, most common ailments. Cerebral palsy, cerebral infections, strokes, and degenerative brain diseases are…